Unit 14: Social Psychology

Question 1

The theory that we either attribute people’s behaviors to “dispositional” or “situational” factors

Answer 1

Attribution Theory

Question 2

attributing the cause of behavior to the core of who a person is “he’s just a bad person”

Answer 2

Dispositional

Question 3

Attributing the cause of behavior to external factors - “yeah that was mean, but maybe he’s had a really tough day”

Answer 3

Situational Attribution

Question 4

The tendency for people to use dispositional attributions for negative behaviors instead of situational attributions

Answer 4

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 5

If you make a decision based on facts and logic from an argument, you used the ___________ route of persuasion.

Answer 5

Central Route of Persuasion

Question 6

If you make a decision based on superficial qualities (e.g. attractiveness, niceness, mood,…) You used the ___________ route of persuasion.

Answer 6

Peripheral Route of Persuasion

Question 7

People tend to agree to large requests more often when they have previously agreed to a small one

Answer 7

Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

Question 8

a set of expectations about a social position which defines how those in that position must behave

Answer 8

Role

Question 9

The theory that states that when any two attitudes or behaviors don’t agree (aren’t consistent) - we act or change our thoughts to MAKE them agree

Answer 9

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 10

The experimenter from the “shock experiment” in the 1960’s that examined how much of a painful electric shock a normal person would be willing to give a stranger.

Answer 10

Stanley Milgram

Question 11

In Stanley Milgram’s original shock experiment, what percentage of people went “all the way” to the supposedly lethal shock

Answer 11

2/3 (67%)

Question 12

The process of adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide to the group’s

Answer 12

Conformity

Question 13

Type of conformity stemming from a desire “to fit in” or gain approval

Answer 13

Normative social influence

Question 14

Type of conformity based on lack of information (“maybe they know something I don’t…”)

Answer 14

Informational Social Influence

Question 15

The phenomenon where people will perform better in the presence of other people

Answer 15

Social Facilitation

Question 16

The tendency for some people to exert less effort in a group than they might on their own

Answer 16

Social Loafing

Question 17

The process whereby a person’s beliefs become stronger after discussion in a group

Answer 17

Group Polarization

Question 18

The loss of self-awareness and disinhibition as a result of being a part of a large group (e.g. The man in the riot broke a store window)

Answer 18

Deindividuation

Question 19

The phenomenon whereby individuals inside of groups often overestimate the level of agreement inside of the group.

Answer 19

Groupthink

Question 20

The behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a grou of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Answer 20

Culture

Question 21

Rules for accepted and expected behavior

Answer 21

Norms

Question 22

The negative thoughts directed toward individuals in a particular outgroup

Answer 22

Prejudice

Question 23

The negative actions directed toward individuals in a particular outgroup

Answer 23

Discrimination

Question 24

The overgeneralization of attributes of a particular outgroup (e.g. “All ____ are ____”)

Answer 24

Stereotypes

Question 25

The social groups with which we identify (e.g. “American”, “McGuinness”,…”)

Answer 25

In-Group

Question 26

The social groups that we do not belong to

Answer 26

Out-Group

Question 27

The phenomenon where people tend to like the groups that they belong to and dislike the groups that they don’t

Answer 27

In-group Bias

Question 28

We have an easier time identifying faces of our own race than those of other races

Answer 28

Other-race effect

Question 29

Individuals in an out-group look more similar than individuals in our in-group

Answer 29

Out-group Homogeneity Effect

Question 30

The tendency to believe that the world is a fair and good place - therefore, people (and people groups) that do well and succeed are “good” and people (or groups) that don’t are “bad”

Answer 30

Just-World Phenomenon

Question 31

The theory that frustration causes anger which can cause aggression

Answer 31

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Question 32

We tend to like people more the more we are exposed to them

Answer 32

Mere Exposure Effect

Question 33

If you want to get over your prejudice toward a people group (e.g. Canadians), you should interact with some of them

Answer 33

Mere Exposure Effect

Question 34

The unselfish regard for the welfare of others - a completely unselfish deed

Answer 34

Altruism

Question 35

Every action that we do is the result of a cost-benefit analysis. We examine the pros and cons of any given situation and do the action that maximises the pros and minimizes the cons

Answer 35

Social Exchange Theory

Question 36

The tendency for a person to be less likely to help in a situation the more people that there are around

Answer 36

Bystander Effect (because of the Diffusion of Responsibility)

Question 37

When people do something good for us, we have a natural tendency to do something good back

Answer 37

Reciprosity Norm

Question 38

People tend to have a natural desire to help those in need

Answer 38

Social Responsibility Norm

Question 39

The way in which outgroups see each other (evil and untrustworthy) - is very similar (i.e. We as Americans see those that we go to war against in a similar way that they see us, as evil - untrustworthy people)

Answer 39

Mirror-image perceptions

Question 40

When a person acts in a way that confirms others’ perceptions of them

Answer 40

Self-Fulfilling Prophesy

Question 41

Who was the researcher in the “line experiment” which examined the rate of correct responses when alone or in a group of people unanimously giving incorrect responses

Answer 41

Solomon Asch

Question 42

In Solomon Asch’s famous line experiment, what percentage of people got at least one answer wrong when alone?

What percentage got at least one wrong when in a group giving incorrect answers?

Answer 42

<1%

75%

Question 43

When groups that do not like each other are given tasks where they must work together, they tend to like each other more - what is the name for these tasks?

Answer 43

Superordinate Goals

Question 44

When you start out with a very large request to make a subsequent small request more likely (e.g. “Will you give me $1000 dollars?” “NO!” “… can you give me a quarter to help me buy a soft drink?” “… fine”

Answer 44

Door-in-the-Face