Unit 9 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Developmental psychology

A

Branch of psychology that studies, physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg, 2-week period of cell division, then develops into an embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Embryo

A

Developing human organism from 2 weeks after fertilization - 2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fetus

A

Developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception-birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Teratogens

A

“Monster makers”, chemicals & viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A

Physical & cognitive abnormalities in children caused by the mother’s heavy drinking

I.E. -> abnormal facial-features, behavioral issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Habituation

A

Decreasing responsiveness w/ repeated stimulation

As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure, they look away sooner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Maturation

A

Biological growth process that enables orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cognition

A

All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Schema

A

A concept/framework that organizes & interprets info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Assimilation

A

Interpreting new experiences in terms of old/existing schemas

(Kids may call 4-legged animals dogs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Accommodation

A

Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new info

(OG dog schema is too broad)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

In Piaget’s theory, stage from birth-2 years where infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

(Hearing, looking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Object permanence

A

The awareness that things continue to exist, even when not perceived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Conservation

A

The principal that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects (part of concrete operational reasoning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Egocentrism

A

In Praget’s theory, the child’s difficulty taking another point of view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Theory of mind

A

Peoples ideas about their own and others mental states, how this would predict feelings, thoughts, and behaviors

(Why someone is angry)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

In Piaget’s theory, state of cognitive development from 7-11 where children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events (conservation????????????)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Formal operational stage

A

In Piaget’s theory, stage of cognitive development beginning at 12 where people being to think logically about abstract concepts (moral reasoning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Scaffold

A

Framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

Appears in childhood, marked by significant deficiencies is in communication and social interaction, fixated interests, and repetitive actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

Begins at about 8 months, infants display a fear of strangers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Attachment

A

An emotional tie with another person, shown in younger children by their seeking of closeness with their caregiver and showing distress during separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Critical period

A

An optimal period early in life when exposure a certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development (contact & familiarity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Imprinting

A

The process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Strange situation

A

Procedure designed by Mary Ainsworth for studying child caregiver attachment, the child’s reaction is observed when placed an unfamiliar environment while the caregiver leaves, then returns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Secure attachment

A

Demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments while in the presence with their caregiver, and only show temporary distress when they leave, and find comfort when the caregiver returns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Insecure attachment

A

Demonstrated by infants, who are super clingy, have anxious or avoidant attachment, and resists closeness

29
Q

Tempermant

A

A persons characteristic emotional reactivity & intensity

30
Q

Basic trust

A

Erik Erikson - a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy, formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

31
Q

Self-concept

A

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves and the answer to the question “Who am I?”

32
Q

Authoritarian parents

A

They have rules and expect obedience

33
Q

Authoritative parents

A

Have rules, but allow exceptions and discussions

34
Q

Permissive parents

A

Don’t have rules, little punishment

35
Q

Negligent parents

A

Uninvolved, don’t care

36
Q

Sex

A

The biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male and female

37
Q

Gender

A

Socially influenced characteristics, by which people define boy, girl, man, woman

38
Q

Aggression

A

Any verbal or physical behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

39
Q

Relational aggression

A

An active aggression intended to harm a persons relationship or social standing

40
Q

Role

A

A set of expectations about social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

41
Q

Gender role

A

A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males or females

42
Q

Gender identity

A

Our sense of being male, female, or our combination of the two

43
Q

Social learning theory

A

Theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating, and by being rewarded and punished

44
Q

Gender typing

A

The acquisition of a traditional male or female role

45
Q

Androgyny

A

Displaying both traditional, masculine and feminine psychological characteristics

46
Q

Transgender

A

Umbrella term describing people whose general identity/expression differs from their birth-designated sex

47
Q

Adolescence

A

Transition from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

48
Q

Puberty

A

Period of sexual maturation when a person becomes capable of reproducing

49
Q

Identity

A

Our sense of self, Erikson: adolescence’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing various roles

50
Q

Social identity

A

The “we“ aspect of our self-concept, the answer to “Who am I?” that comes from group memberships.

51
Q

Intimacy

A

(Erikson) ability to form close relationships, primary developmental took place in young adulthood

52
Q

Emerging adulthood

A

18-mid 20’s, or in Western cultures, no longer adolescents, but have not yet achieved full independence as adults

53
Q

X Chromosomes

A

Sex chromosomes in males and females, females have an 2 X, males have 1.

54
Q

Y chromosome

A

Sex chromosome typically only found in males

55
Q

Testosterone

A

Male sex hormone, in both males and females - more in males

56
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

Body structures that make sexual reproduction possible (ovaries, testes)

57
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

Non-reproductive sexual traits (breasts, hips) (voice, body hair)

58
Q

Spermarche

A

First ejaculation

59
Q

Menarche

A

First menstrual period

60
Q

Intersex

A

Condition at birth due to unusual combinations of male and female chromosomes, hormones and anatomy, possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes

61
Q

AIDS

A

Life-threatening STI caused by HIU, deplete immune system

62
Q

Sexual orientation

A

Our enduring sexual attraction, usually to opposite sex, our own sex, or both

63
Q

Menopause

A

Time of natural end of menstruation, also refers to biological changes in women as her ability to reproduce declines

64
Q

Cross-sectional study

A

Research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time

65
Q

Longitudinal study

A

Research that follows and retests the same people overtime

66
Q

Neurocognitive disorders (NCDS)

A

Acquired (not lifelong) disorders marked by cognitive deficits, often related to Alzheimer’s, brain injury, or substance abuse

67
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Neurocognitive disorder marked by a neural plagues, often after 80, progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities

68
Q

Social clock

A

Culturally preferred timing of social events (marriage, parenthood, retirement)