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AP Psychology > Unit 10 > Flashcards

Unit 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

An individual’s characteristics pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

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2
Q

Psychodynamic theories

A

Theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experience

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3
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

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4
Q

Unconscious

A

According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware

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5
Q

Free association

A

In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious where a person relaxes and says the first thing that comes to mind

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6
Q

id

A

Reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. Demands immediate gratification

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7
Q

Ego

A

Largely conscious “executive” part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality

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8
Q

Superego

A

Part of personality that represents internalized ideals (our conscience/moral compass)

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9
Q

Psychosexual stages

A

Childhood stages of development when id’s pleasure - seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

(Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital)

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10
Q

Oral stage

A

0-18 months, pleasure sensors on mouth —> sucking, biting, chewing

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11
Q

Anal stage

A

Pleasure focuses on bowel & bladder elimination; coping with demands for control

18-36 months

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12
Q

Phallic stage

A

3-6 years, pleasure zone is the genitals, coping with incestuous sexual feelings

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13
Q

Latency stage

A

6-puberty, a phase of dormant sexual feelings

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14
Q

Genital stage

A

Puberty on, maturation of sexual interests

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15
Q

Oedipus (ED-un-puss) complex

A

A boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and jealousy for the “rival” father

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16
Q

Electra complex

A

A girl’s sexual attraction toward her father & jealousy toward her mother

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17
Q

Identification

A

Process by which children incorporate their parent’s values into their developing superegos

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18
Q

Fixation

A

A lingering focus of pleasure - seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage where conflicts were unresolved

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19
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

The ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

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20
Q

Repression

A

Defense mechanism that unconsciously banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

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21
Q

Regression

A

Retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage where some psychic energy remains fixated on

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22
Q

Reaction formation

A

Acting in the opposite way

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23
Q

Projection

A

Disguising one’s own thoughts by attributing them to others

24
Q

Rationalization

A

Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening reasons

25
Q

Displacement

A

Shifting impulses toward a more acceptable/less threatening object or person

26
Q

Sublimation

A

Transferring unacceptable impulses to socially acceptable motives

27
Q

Denial

A

Refusing to believe & perceive painful realities

28
Q

Collective unconscious (archetypes)

A

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history

29
Q

Projective test

A

Personality test that shows ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics

30
Q

Themantic apperception test (TAT)

A

Projective test where people express their inner feelings and interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

31
Q

Rorschach inkblot test

A

Most widely used projective test, seeks to analyze people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

32
Q

Terror management theory

A

Theory of death-related anxiety, explores people’s emotional and behavior responses to reminders of their impending death

33
Q

Humanistic theories

A

Theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

34
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs = physiological needs —> safety —> love & belonging —> self-actualization —> self-trancendencce

35
Q

Self-actualization

A

The motivation to fulfill one’s potential

36
Q

Self-transcendence

A

The striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self

37
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Carl rogers: a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude would help people develop self-awareness and self acceptance

38
Q

Trait

A

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways

39
Q

Personality inventory

A

A questionnaire (T or F) which response items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors - used to assess selected personality traits

40
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A

The most widely research and clinically used of all personality test. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, now use for many other screening purposes.

41
Q

Empirically derived test

A

Test created by selecting from a pool of items those that discriminate between groups.

42
Q

Conscientiousness
(C
A
N
O
E)

A

Disorganized, careless, impulsive <— —> organized, careful, disciplined

43
Q

Agreeableness
(C
A
N
O
E)

A

Ruthless, suspicious, uncooperative <— —> soft-hearted, trusting, helpful

44
Q

Neuroticism (emotional stability vs. instability)
(C
A
N
O
E)

A

calm, secure, self-satisfied <— —> anxious, insecure, self-pitying

45
Q

Openness
(C
A
N
O
E)

A

Practical, prefers routine, conforming <— —> imaginative, prefers variety, independent

46
Q

Extraversion
(C
A
N
O
E)

A

Retiring, sober, reserved <— —> sociable, fun-loving, affectionate

47
Q

Social-cognitive perspective

A

Fuse behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits - (thinking) - and their social context

48
Q

Behavioral approach

A

Focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development

49
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

50
Q

Self

A

Center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

51
Q

Spotlight effect

A

Overestimating others, noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and mistakes

52
Q

Self-esteem

A

One’s feeling of high or low self-worth

53
Q

Self-efficacy

A

One sense of competence and effectiveness

54
Q

Self-serving bias

A

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably

55
Q

Individualism

A

Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals, and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes

56
Q

Collectivism

A

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (work or family) and defining one’s identity accordingly

57
Q

Collectivism

A

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (work or family) and defining one’s identity accordingly

AP Psychology (15 decks)

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