Unit 11

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 2

General intelligence (g)

Answer 2

According to Spearman & others, underlies all mental abilities and is measured by every taste on an intelligence test

Question 3

Factor analysis

Answer 3

Statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test, used to identify performance

Question 4

Savant syndrome

Answer 4

Condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill (ex. drawing, piano)

Question 5

Gardner’s 8 Intelligences

Answer 5

Naturalist, linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial (art), bodily-kinesthetic, intrApersonal, intErpersonal

Question 6

Sternberg’s 3 principles/intelligences

Answer 6

Analytical (academic problem-solving) intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence

Question 7

Emotional intelligence

Answer 7

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 8

Intelligence test

Answer 8

A method for assessing an individual’s aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores

Question 9

Achievement test

Answer 9

A test designed to assess what a person has learned

Question 10

Aptitude test

Answer 10

A test designed to predict a person’s future performance

Aptitude: capacity to learn

Question 11

Mental age

Answer 11

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet, level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age

Question 12

Stanford-Binet

Answer 12

Widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test

Question 13

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 13

The ratio of mental age to chronological age times 100. Or, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.

Question 14

Wechler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 14

Most widely used IQ tests, contain verbal and performance (non-verbal) sub-tests.

Question 15

Standardization

Answer 15

Uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretesting group

Question 16

Normal curve

Answer 16

Bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes most fall near the average

Question 17

Reliability

Answer 17

Extensive which a test yields consistent results

Question 18

Validity

Answer 18

The exam to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Question 19

Content validity

Answer 19

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

Question 20

Predictive validity

Answer 20

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict, assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and criterion behavior

Question 21

Cohort

Answer 21

A group of people sharing a common characteristic

Question 22

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 22

Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, tends to increase with age

Question 23

Fluid intelligence

Answer 23

Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood

Question 24

Cross-sectional study

Answer 24

Research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time

Question 25

Longitudinal study

Answer 25

Research that follows and retests the same people overtime

Question 26

Intellectual disability

Answer 26

Condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an IQ score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life

Question 27

Down syndrome

Answer 27

Condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21

Question 28

Heritability

Answer 28

Proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes - the heritability of a trait may vary

Question 29

Stereotype threat

Answer 29

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on negative stereotype.