Unit 11 Flashcards
Intelligence
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
General intelligence (g)
According to Spearman & others, underlies all mental abilities and is measured by every taste on an intelligence test
Factor analysis
Statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test, used to identify performance
Savant syndrome
Condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill (ex. drawing, piano)
Gardner’s 8 Intelligences
Naturalist, linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial (art), bodily-kinesthetic, intrApersonal, intErpersonal
Sternberg’s 3 principles/intelligences
Analytical (academic problem-solving) intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence
Emotional intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Intelligence test
A method for assessing an individual’s aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores
Achievement test
A test designed to assess what a person has learned
Aptitude test
A test designed to predict a person’s future performance
Aptitude: capacity to learn
Mental age
A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet, level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age
Stanford-Binet
Widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
The ratio of mental age to chronological age times 100. Or, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.
Wechler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Most widely used IQ tests, contain verbal and performance (non-verbal) sub-tests.
Standardization
Uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretesting group
Normal curve
Bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes most fall near the average
Reliability
Extensive which a test yields consistent results
Validity
The exam to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Content validity
The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
Predictive validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict, assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and criterion behavior
Cohort
A group of people sharing a common characteristic
Crystallized intelligence
Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, tends to increase with age
Fluid intelligence
Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood
Cross-sectional study
Research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
Longitudinal study
Research that follows and retests the same people overtime
Intellectual disability
Condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an IQ score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life
Down syndrome
Condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Heritability
Proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes - the heritability of a trait may vary
Stereotype threat
A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on negative stereotype.
Flynn effect
Says/shows that intelligence tends to increase with every generation
Split-half
Split test into odd/even and compare results: reliability test
