Unit 13 Flashcards
Psychotherapy
Treatment involving psychological techniques consists of interactions between a trained therapist & someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
Biomedical therapy
Prescribed medication or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology
Eclectic approach
An approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy
Psychoanalysis
Freud’s therapeutic technique. He believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, transferences, and the therapist’s interpretations of their released previously repressed feelings, allow the patient to gain self-insight.
Resistance
In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Interpretation
In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, & other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
Transference
In psychoanalysis, the parent’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked to with other relationships (love or hatred for a parent)
Psychodynamic therapy
Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces & childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight
Insight therapies
Therapist that aims to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses
Client-centered therapy
Humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening with an accepting, genuine, empathetic environment to facilitate clients’ growth
Active listening
Empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies.
Unconditional positive regard
A caring, non-judgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.
Behavior therapy
Therapy that applies learning principle to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
Counterconditioning
Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors.
Exposure therapies
Behavior techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid.
Systematic desensitization
A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
Virtual reality exposure therapy
A counter conditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative, electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, like airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
Aversive conditioning
A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (like nausea) with an unwanted behavior (like alcohol).
Token economy
And operant conditioning behavior in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and later exchange tokens for privileges or treats.
Cognitive therapy
Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking, based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.
Rational-emotional behavior therapy (REBT)
A confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavioral therapy.
Group therapy
Therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction.
Family therapy
Therapy that choose people in the context of their family system. Views an individual’s, unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at other family members.
Meta-analysis
A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.
Evidence-based practice
Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise & patient characteristics & preferences.
Therapeutic alliance
A bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and a client, who work together constructively overcome the client’s problem.
Psychopharmacology
The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
Antipsychotic drugs
Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.
Anti-anxiety drugs
Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
Antidepressant drugs
Drugs, used to treat depression, anxiety, disorders, OCD, and PTSD. Several are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric shock/current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.
Psychosurgery
Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.
Lobotomy
Psychos surgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. It cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.
Resilience
Personal growth that helps most people cope w/ stress & recover from adversity & trauma.
Post-traumatic growth
Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances & life crisis.
