Unit 13

Question 1

Psychotherapy

Answer 1

Treatment involving psychological techniques consists of interactions between a trained therapist & someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

Question 2

Biomedical therapy

Answer 2

Prescribed medication or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology

Question 3

Eclectic approach

Answer 3

An approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Question 4

Psychoanalysis

Answer 4

Freud’s therapeutic technique. He believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, transferences, and the therapist’s interpretations of their released previously repressed feelings, allow the patient to gain self-insight.

Question 5

Resistance

Answer 5

In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Question 6

Interpretation

Answer 6

In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, & other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

Question 7

Transference

Answer 7

In psychoanalysis, the parent’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked to with other relationships (love or hatred for a parent)

Question 8

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer 8

Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces & childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight

Question 9

Insight therapies

Answer 9

Therapist that aims to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Question 10

Client-centered therapy

Answer 10

Humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening with an accepting, genuine, empathetic environment to facilitate clients’ growth

Question 11

Active listening

Answer 11

Empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies.

Question 12

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 12

A caring, non-judgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Question 13

Behavior therapy

Answer 13

Therapy that applies learning principle to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Question 14

Counterconditioning

Answer 14

Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors.

Question 15

Exposure therapies

Answer 15

Behavior techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid.

Question 16

Systematic desensitization

Answer 16

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

Question 17

Virtual reality exposure therapy

Answer 17

A counter conditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative, electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, like airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

Question 18

Aversive conditioning

Answer 18

A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (like nausea) with an unwanted behavior (like alcohol).

Question 19

Token economy

Answer 19

And operant conditioning behavior in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and later exchange tokens for privileges or treats.

Question 20

Cognitive therapy

Answer 20

Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking, based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

Question 21

Rational-emotional behavior therapy (REBT)

Answer 21

A confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions.

Question 22

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 22

A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavioral therapy.

Question 23

Group therapy

Answer 23

Therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction.

Question 24

Family therapy

Answer 24

Therapy that choose people in the context of their family system. Views an individual’s, unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at other family members.

Question 25

Meta-analysis

Answer 25

A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.

Question 26

Evidence-based practice

Answer 26

Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise & patient characteristics & preferences.

Question 27

Therapeutic alliance

Answer 27

A bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and a client, who work together constructively overcome the client’s problem.

Question 28

Psychopharmacology

Answer 28

The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

Question 29

Antipsychotic drugs

Answer 29

Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.

Question 30

Anti-anxiety drugs

Answer 30

Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

Question 31

Antidepressant drugs

Answer 31

Drugs, used to treat depression, anxiety, disorders, OCD, and PTSD. Several are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

Question 32

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 32

Biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric shock/current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.

Question 33

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Answer 33

The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.

Question 34

Psychosurgery

Answer 34

Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.

Question 35

Lobotomy

Answer 35

Psychos surgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. It cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.

Question 36

Resilience

Answer 36

Personal growth that helps most people cope w/ stress & recover from adversity & trauma.

Question 37

Post-traumatic growth

Answer 37

Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances & life crisis.