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AP Psychology > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Behavior feedback effect

A

Tendency of behaviors to influence our (& other’s) thoughts, feelings, & actions

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2
Q

Stress

A

How we respond to stressors that we think are threatening/challenging

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3
Q

Tend-and-befriend response

A

Under stress, people (usually women) provide support to others & bond with & seek support from others

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4
Q

Health psychology

A

Subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

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5
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

Study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes affect the immune system & resulting health

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6
Q

General-adaption syndrome (GAS)

A

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in 3 phases: alarm, resistance, exhaustion

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7
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

Clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle —> leading cause of death in many developed countries

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8
Q

Type A

A

Friedman & Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient & anger prone people

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9
Q

Type B

A

Friedman & Rosenman’s term for easy-going & relaxed people

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10
Q

Catharsis

A

Idea that “releasing” aggressive energy through action or fantasy relieves aggressive urges

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11
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

Sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness & lowers depression and anxiety

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12
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

Sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness & lowers depression and anxiety

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13
Q

Mindfulness meditation

A

Reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental & accepting manner

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14
Q

Feel-good do-good phenomenon

A

People’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

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15
Q

Positive psychology

A

Scientific study of human flourishing w/ goals of promoting strengths to individuals & communities to thrive

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16
Q

Subjective well-being

A

Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life, used w/ objective well-being measures to evaluate people’s quality of life

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17
Q

Adaptation-level phenomenon

A

Our tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

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18
Q

Relative deprivation

A

The perception that one is worse off relative to others

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19
Q

Achievement motivation

A

High standards, desire for significant accomplishment/mastery of skills or ideas

20
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a balanced/constant internal state, regulation of body chemistry

21
Q

Physiological need

A

Basic bodily requirement

22
Q

Drive-reduction theory

A

A physiological need creates an aroused state (drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy that need

I.E - hunger, thirst

23
Q

Incentive

A

Positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

24
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning with physiological needs, then safety needs, then love & belongingness, then esteem needs, self-actualization (living up to our full potential), self-transcendence (find meaning) & help others

25
Q

Glucose

A

When low, we get hungry, sugar that circulates blood & provides energy

26
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

Body’s resting state of energy output

27
Q

Obesity

A

BMI that’s equal to or over 30

Overweight = 25 or higher

28
Q

Asexual

A

Having no sexual attraction to others

29
Q

Testosterone

A

Male sex hormones, in both males & females, but stimulates male sex organs & puberty

30
Q

Estrogen

A

Greater in females, peak during ovulation. In nonhuman mammals, it promotes sexual receptivity

31
Q

Sexual response cycle

A

4 stages of sexual response by Masters & Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

32
Q

Refractory period

A

Resting period, amount of time during which a human can’t have another orgasm, shorter in females

33
Q

Set point

A

The point where your “weight thermostat” is set, when you fall below this weight, you get hungry & a lower metabolism to restore lost weight

34
Q

Affiliation Need

A

Need to build relationship & feel part of a group

35
Q

Otracism

A

Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

36
Q

Narcissism

A

Excessive self-love & self-absorption

37
Q

Grit

A

Passion & perseverance of long-term goals

38
Q

Emotion

A

Response to psychological arousal, expressive behaviors, & conscious experience

39
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

Emotions depend on physiological responses

Stimulus -> arousal -> emotion

40
Q

Cannon-bard theory

A

Arousal & emotion happen together/simultaneously

41
Q

Two-factor theory

A

(Schactor-singer theory)

To experience an emotion, we must be physically aroused & cognitively lable the arousal

42
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

Principle that performance increases w/ arousal up to a point, then performance decreases

43
Q

Polygraph

A

Machine used to detect lies using physiological responses (heart rate & blood pressure)

44
Q

Facial feedback effect

A

Tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings

I.E. Smile = feeling happy

45
Q

Motivation

A

Need or desire that energizes & directs behavior

46
Q

Instinct

A

Unlearned & complex behavior that is patterned throughout a species

AP Psychology (15 decks)

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