Unit 1 - Biological Bases Of Behaviors Flashcards
Promoted functionalism
William James
Influenced functionalism, concept of natural selection
Charles Darwin
First woman President of the American Psychological Association
Mary Whiton Calkins
1st official female psychology P.H.D
Margaret Floy Washburn
Dismissed introspection & redefined psychology as “the scientific study of observable behaviors” — creators of behaviorism
John B. Watson & B.F. Skinner
Psych should be an objective science that studies behavior w/o reference to mental processes (must agree w/ the first part)
Behaviorism
Creator of psychoanalytic psych. How our unconscious mind & child experiences affect our behavior. (Is controversial & has mommy issues)
Sigmund Freud
The study of mental processes, when we perceive, learn, remember, think communicate, & solve problems
Cognitive Pyschology
The controversy over whether we think & behave the way we we do because of genes or because of experience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Survival of the fittest — Charles Darwin
Natural Selection
Study of evolution of behavior & the mind, using principles of natural selection
Evolutionary Psychology
Study of the relative power & limits of genetic & environmental influences on behavior
Behavior Genetics
The behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, & traditions shared by a group of people that is transmitted through generations
Culture
Scientific study of human flourishing w/ goals of promoting strength that help individuals & communities to thrive
Positive Psychology
Integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural viewpoints
Biopsychosocial approach
Scientific study of observable behavior & its explanation by the principles of learning
Behavioral Psychology
Scientific study of the links between biological & psychological processes
Biological Psychology
Branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and use that to treat people with disorders
Psychodynamic Psychology
The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking
Social-cultural Psychology
Enhanced memory after retrieving rather than re-reading information
Testing effect
A study method incorporating survey, question, read, retrieve, & review
SQ3R
Scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
Psychometrics
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
Basic Research
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan.
Developmental psychology
Study of how psychological processes affect & can enhance teaching and learning
Educational Psychology
Study of individual’s characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting
Personality Psychology
Scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Social Psychology
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
Applied Research
The application of psychological concepts and method to optimize human behavior in workplaces
Industrial Organizational (1/0) Psychology
Field of psychology allied with I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact & how environments can be made safe & easy to use
Human factors psychology
Branch of psychology that assists people w/ problems in living & in achieving greater well-being
Counseling psychology
Branch of psychology that studies, assesses, & treats people w/ psychological disorders
Clinical psychology
Branch of medicine dealing with/ psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who are licensed to provide medical treatments & psychological therapy
Psychiatry
Branch of psychology that studies how people interact w/ their social environments & how social institutions affect individuals & groups
Community Psychology
Russian Psychologist who pioneered the study of learning
Ivan Pavlov
Swiss biologist who observed children
Jean Piaget
Pioneer who led the way to humane treatment of those w/ psychological disorders
Dorothea Dix
Researchers must be willing to be surprised and follow new ideas
Humility
Being skeptical but not cynical (mocking), open, but not gullible. Trust the facts.
Scientific attitude
How we conduct research, gather data, process information, & describe behaviors
Scientific inquiry
Opposite of black/white thinking, examines assumptions, appraises the source, & discerns biases, evaluates evidence, & assesses conclusions.
(Fancy thinking) (Thinking for try-hards)
Critical thinking
What we know comes from experience, observation & experimentation enable scientific knowledge. (Knowledge comes from experience)
Empiricism
Started the first psychological lab (German).
Wilhelm Wundt
Wundt’s student, created first formal psychology lab in the U.S.
G. Stanley Hall
Introduced structuralism
Edward Bradford Titchener
Used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
Structuralism
Looking inward. Ex. I think about how I feel when I smell a cookie, or see a rose.
Introspection
Explored how mental & behavioral processes function — how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
Functionalism
How our mind processes & retains info
Cognition
Long standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes & experience make to development of traits and behaviors
Nature-nurture issue
