Unit 12 Flashcards
Psychological disorder
Syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior
Medical model
Concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured through treatment in a hospital
Antisocial personality disorder
A person (usually men) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing even toward friends & family may be aggressive and ruthless
Epigenetics
Study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur w/o a DNA change
DSM-5
American Psychiatric Associations diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition, a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
Anxiety disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety, or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
Social anxiety disorder
Intense fear and avoidance of social situations
Generalized anxiety disorder (GED)
An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of automatic nervous system arousal
Agoraphobia
Fear or avoidance of crowds or wide open spaces, where one feels loss of control & panic
Panic disorder
Anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes - long episodes of intense dread, (panic attacks) —> feeling like you’re choking. Followed by worry over a possible attack
Phobia
Anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear & avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Disorder characterized by unwanted, repetitive thoughts (obsession), actions (compulsion), or both
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and lingering insomnia
Major depressive disorder
A person experiences 2+ weeks w/ 5+ sympoms, at least 1 must be 1. Depressed mood or 2. Loss of interest or pleasure
Bipolar disorder
A person alternates between hopelessness of depression and mania
(Manic-depressive disorder)
Mania
A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state where dangerously poor judgement is common
Schizophrenic
Disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or inappropriate emotional expression
Psychotic disorders
Group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality
Hallucinations
False sensory experiences, like seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
Delusion
A false belief, often that may accompany psychotic disorders
Chronic schizophrenia
(Process schizophrenia)
A form of schizophrenia where symptoms appear by late adolescence to early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer & recovery periods shorten
Acute schizophrenia
(Reactive schizophrenia)
A form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in responses to a traumatic event
Somatic symptom disorder
Psych. disorder where the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form w/o apparent physical cause
Conversion disorder
Disorder related to somatic symptom disorder in which a person experiences very specific physical symptoms that aren’t compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions.
Illness anxiety disorder
Related to somatic disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations of a disease.
Dissociative disorders
Rare, controversial disorders with conscious awareness becoming separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits 2+ distinct & alternating personalities (multiple personality disorder)
Personality disorders
Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
Binge-eating disorder
Significant binging episodes, followed by distress, guilt, but w/o throwing up, etc.
Anorexia nervosa
ED where person (usually female) maintains a starvation diet despite being underweight; sometimes with excessive exercise.
Bulimia nervosa
An ED where a person’s binge eating is followed by by inappropriate weight-loss methods (vomiting, fasting, laxative, excessive exercise)
