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AP Psychology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sleep

A

A periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, a general anesthesia, or hibernation

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2
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Our biological clock; regulatory bodily rhythms (temp and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle

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3
Q

REM sleep

A

Rapid eye movement sleep, a reoccurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur (paradoxical sleep) b/c the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active

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4
Q

Alpha waves

A

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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5
Q

NREM Sleep

A

Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

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6
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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7
Q

Hypnagogic sensations

A

Bizarre experiences such as jerking or a feeling of falling or floating weightlessly, while transitioning to sleep

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8
Q

Delta waves

A

The large, slow brain waves associated with the deep sleep of NREM-3

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9
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm. In response to light, the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness

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10
Q

Insomnia

A

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

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11
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune (inconvenient/inappropriate) times.

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12
Q

Sleep apnea

A

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations (endings) of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

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13
Q

Night terrors

A

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during NREM-3 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

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14
Q

Dream

A

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind

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15
Q

Manifest content

A

According to Freud, the symbolic, remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden content)

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16
Q

Latent content

A

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

17
Q

REM rebound

A

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

18
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

19
Q

Substance use disorder

A

A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk

20
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

21
Q

Alcohol use disorder

A

(Alcoholism) alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

22
Q

Barbiturates

A

Drugs that depress CNS activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

23
Q

Opiates

A

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

24
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

25
Q

Nicotine

A

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

26
Q

Cocaine

A

A powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant; produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria

27
Q

Amphetamines

A

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes

28
Q

Methamphetamine

A

A powerfully addictive drug that simulates that CNS w/ accelerated body functions & associated energy and mood changes, over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

29
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucination. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood & cognition

30
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

31
Q

Near-death experience

A

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death, often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

32
Q

LSD

A

A powerful hallucinogenic drug, also known as acid

33
Q

THC

A

Te major active ingredient in marijuana, tiggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

AP Psychology (15 decks)

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