Unit 8 Quiz Flashcards
cellular respiration equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) (38 ATP total energy)
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + ATP
CO2 production in embryos
CO2 + H2O —-> H2CO3 (Carbonic acid)
phenol red color change
red at neutral pH
yellow at acidic pH
fermentation (anaerobic process)
measure CO2
glucose —-> ethanol + CO2 + ATP
cellular respiration can be broken down into three sets of chemical reactions
- glycolysis
- kreb’s cycle (citric acid cycle)
- Electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation)
glycolysis
glucose + 2ATP = pyruvic acid + 4 ATP
glycolysis is an
anaerobic reaction.
glycolysis takes place in the
cytosol of the cell
for every 1 molecule of glucose you get the production of
2 new molecules of ATP.
remember you had to use 2 to start the chemical reaction
there are special types of glycolysis called
fermentation
alcohol fermentation
organisms such as yeast ferment the sugars in fruits or grains to make ATP for themselves.
The out come of alcohol fermentation is 3 products
carbon dioxide gas
ATP
ethyl alcohol
lactate fermentation
takes place in your muscle cells. When you are exercising strenuously or doing some aerobic activity and you push your muscles to their limit, then they will start creating more energy (ATP) by non-aerobic means.
The product of this reaction is lactic acid and results in very sore muscles
Kreb’s Cycle
In the kreb’s cycle Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid to make citric acid. During this process ATP is made and also another energy rich electron carrier called NADH.
The kreb’s cycle takes place in the
mitochondria of your cells in an area called the matrix.
The kreb’s cycle turns
twice per molecule that enters it
Each turn of the kreb’s cycle results in the formation of
1 molecule of ATP. So … the kreb’s cycle produces 2 molecules of ATP during its chemical reactions.
NADH is also produced in the kreb’s cycle. It leaves the cycle and starts the
electron transport chain. It is the initial electron carrier.
Electron transport chain
This is an aerobic chemical reaction. It must have oxygen to run.
For every 1 molecule of glucose that we take in we get the production of approximately
32 molecules of ATP during this set of chemical reactions.
electron transport chain
The electrons are passed down a
chain of electron acceptors. The last acceptor in the chain is oxygen.
(electron transport chain)
The electron transport chain reactions take place in the
mitochondria of your cells in an area called the cristae
hydrogen ions (+) are used during this process (electron transport chain) to make the
ATP.
coloration of germinated
yellow
coloration of germinated-boiled
red
what does the term germination mean
a period of growth that follows a period of dormancy (nutrients/stimulation G factors are present)
At the end of your pea experiment, what colors did you expect to see for each set of peas? why?
boiled: red, no CO2 produced because no respiration
non-boiled: yellow, normal respiration= CO2 produced
What do these different colors mean in terms of product being produced or not being produced in each scenario?
red: CO2 not produced
yellow: CO2 present/produced
The experiment that you performed with yeast tested what kind of cellular process?
fermentation
