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Biology 1406 > Unit 10 Quiz > Flashcards

Unit 10 Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell division

A

Eukaryotic cells

somatic cells-non sex cells

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2
Q

Cell cycle

A
  1. Interphase-preparation
  2. Mitosis- division of nucleus
  3. cytokinesis- division of cytoplasm (begin in anaphase)
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3
Q

Interphase

A
  1. G1- cytoplasmic growth
  2. S- DNA is replicated
  3. G2- extra protein production (protein used in mitosis)
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4
Q

Mitosis

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
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5
Q

Meiosis

A

division of gametes (Egg and sperm)

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6
Q

Meiosis I

A
  1. Prophase I
  2. Metaphase I
  3. Anaphase I
  4. Telophase I
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7
Q

Meiosis II

A
  1. Prophase II
  2. Metaphase II
  3. Anaphase II
  4. Telophase II
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8
Q

Dipoid

A

normal number of chromosomes

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9
Q

Haploid

A

half of normal number of chromosomes

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10
Q

Interkinesis

A

resting period between end of meiosis I and beginning of meiosis II

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11
Q

Prophase I

A
  1. synapsing- pair up, intertwine, and wrap around each other
  2. crossing over- nonsister chromatids exchange genetic information (ensures genetic diversity)
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12
Q

Spermatogensis

A

46 replicated
23 replicated -Meiosis I
23 single stranded- Meiosis II

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13
Q

Oogenesis

A

unequal cytokinesis

Polar bodies- the three small cells

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14
Q

How many nuclear divisions in mitosis?

A

1

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15
Q

How many nuclear divisions in meiosis?

A

2

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16
Q

Mitosis=

A

one cell creates 2 cells that are genetically identical

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17
Q

Meiosis=

A

one cell creates 4 cells that are genetically diverse/distinct

18
Q

What types of cells divide by mitosis?

A

somatic body cells

19
Q

What types of cells divide by meiosis?

A

gametes/ germ cells/ reproductive cells

20
Q

What is the function of asters?

A

Asters hold the two centrioles in place at the two poles of the cell during cell division

21
Q

What is the function of the kinetochore?

A

Kinetochores aid in the movement of chromosomes. Spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes.

22
Q

What is a chiasma?

A

The points where crossing over occurred on the nonsister chromatids

23
Q

Define the term cytokinesis

A

the division of the cytoplasm

24
Q

What is a polar body?

A

the small cell that results from asymmetrical cell division (cytokinesis)

25
Q

During what process is a polar body formed?

A

meiosis II in oogenesis

26
Q

Define the term crossing over

A

nonsister chromatids exchange genetic information

27
Q

When during meiosis does crossing over occur?

A

prophase I

28
Q

oogenesis

A

Oogenesis is the production of an ovum or egg cell, the female gamete or sex cell.

29
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogenesis is the process of making sperm cells, or developing immature germ cells

30
Q

Mitosis and Meiosis similarities

A

interphase

31
Q

Mitosis differences

A
  • produces 2 cells
  • produces diploid cells
  • 1 round of division
  • genetically identical daughter cells
  • used by somatic cells
32
Q

Meiosis differences

A
  • produces 4 cells
  • produces haploid cells
  • 2 rounds of division
  • genetically distinct daughter cells
  • used by germ cells
33
Q

Under what conditions in an organism would mitosis be used for cellular division?

A
  • growth
  • asexual reproduction
  • would healing (repair)
34
Q

What cell types perform meiosis?

A

germ cells

35
Q

How many cells are created at the end of mitosis?

A

2

36
Q

In males, how many cells are created at the end of meiosis? How many survive?

A

4
4 survive in human males
1 survives in human females

37
Q

In females, how many cells are created at the end of meiosis? How many survive?

A

4
4 survive in human males
1 survives in human females

38
Q

G1

A

growth, replication of organelles

39
Q

S

A

synthesis (replication) of DNA

40
Q

G2

A

assembly of spindle beings

41
Q

M

A

division of nuclear contents

Biology 1406 (53 decks)

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