Unit 10 Quiz Flashcards
Cell division
Eukaryotic cells
somatic cells-non sex cells
Cell cycle
- Interphase-preparation
- Mitosis- division of nucleus
- cytokinesis- division of cytoplasm (begin in anaphase)
Interphase
- G1- cytoplasmic growth
- S- DNA is replicated
- G2- extra protein production (protein used in mitosis)
Mitosis
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
Meiosis
division of gametes (Egg and sperm)
Meiosis I
- Prophase I
- Metaphase I
- Anaphase I
- Telophase I
Meiosis II
- Prophase II
- Metaphase II
- Anaphase II
- Telophase II
Dipoid
normal number of chromosomes
Haploid
half of normal number of chromosomes
Interkinesis
resting period between end of meiosis I and beginning of meiosis II
Prophase I
- synapsing- pair up, intertwine, and wrap around each other
- crossing over- nonsister chromatids exchange genetic information (ensures genetic diversity)
Spermatogensis
46 replicated
23 replicated -Meiosis I
23 single stranded- Meiosis II
Oogenesis
unequal cytokinesis
Polar bodies- the three small cells
How many nuclear divisions in mitosis?
1
How many nuclear divisions in meiosis?
2
Mitosis=
one cell creates 2 cells that are genetically identical
Meiosis=
one cell creates 4 cells that are genetically diverse/distinct
What types of cells divide by mitosis?
somatic body cells
What types of cells divide by meiosis?
gametes/ germ cells/ reproductive cells
What is the function of asters?
Asters hold the two centrioles in place at the two poles of the cell during cell division
What is the function of the kinetochore?
Kinetochores aid in the movement of chromosomes. Spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes.
What is a chiasma?
The points where crossing over occurred on the nonsister chromatids
Define the term cytokinesis
the division of the cytoplasm
What is a polar body?
the small cell that results from asymmetrical cell division (cytokinesis)
During what process is a polar body formed?
meiosis II in oogenesis
Define the term crossing over
nonsister chromatids exchange genetic information
When during meiosis does crossing over occur?
prophase I
oogenesis
Oogenesis is the production of an ovum or egg cell, the female gamete or sex cell.
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process of making sperm cells, or developing immature germ cells
Mitosis and Meiosis similarities
interphase
Mitosis differences
- produces 2 cells
- produces diploid cells
- 1 round of division
- genetically identical daughter cells
- used by somatic cells
Meiosis differences
- produces 4 cells
- produces haploid cells
- 2 rounds of division
- genetically distinct daughter cells
- used by germ cells
Under what conditions in an organism would mitosis be used for cellular division?
- growth
- asexual reproduction
- would healing (repair)
What cell types perform meiosis?
germ cells
How many cells are created at the end of mitosis?
2
In males, how many cells are created at the end of meiosis? How many survive?
4
4 survive in human males
1 survives in human females
In females, how many cells are created at the end of meiosis? How many survive?
4
4 survive in human males
1 survives in human females
G1
growth, replication of organelles
S
synthesis (replication) of DNA
G2
assembly of spindle beings
M
division of nuclear contents
