Unit 2 Exam Flashcards
The New Woman
Who: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Margaret Sanger, Emma Goldman, Alice Paul
What: rejection of separate spheres. woman are educated and work more and and work for wages.
When: 1920s
Where: the united states
Why it happened: The old woman was the victorianism, which was separate spheres, and sigmund freud. The new woman rejected the separate spheres because they were more educated now and actually worked and worked for wages. Women also got the right to vote with the 19th amendment in 1920. There was also the rise of feminism at this time with the new woman. They wanted the same rights for women that men had.
Why it is significant: It was the lost generation. There were the flappers, drinkers, smokers, lots of affairs, and shorter skirts at this time with the new woman. Women got the right to vote in 1920.
- charlotte perkins gilman- wanted collective housekeeping. it was a more social thing.
- margaret sanger- birth control
- emma goldman- called marriage prostitution. she can women could have kids without being married.
- alice paul- wanted an equal rights amendment between men and women
Amendment 18
Who: americans. gangsters. al capone.
What: banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol. Prohibition
When: 1919 (1920s)
Where: United States
Why it happened: it came about because of anti-german and anti-immigrant sentiment. (cause of world war 1)
Why it is significant: it led to Al capone and the rise of gangsters. They got rich from selling and making alcohol.
Sacco and Vanzetti
Who: Sacco and Vanzetti (anarchists, italian immigrants)
What: A well-known case in which two Italian-American anarchists were accused of robbing and killing paymasters and found guilty and executed for the crime in which there was very little evidence linking them to the particular crime.
When: 1920
Where: Boston
Why it happened: it was known that they were anarchists and that time was known as the red scare, so they were accused and arrested basically because they were anarchists and americans were scared of communists and everything at that time.
Why it is significant: they were found guilty in 1921 and were executed. The unfairness and injustice of the Sacco and Vanzetti case caused worldwide protest. They were convicted only because they were anarchist immigrants. It has set a precedent in the court system.
Ku Klux Klan
Who: white supremacists
What: the revival of the ku klux klan.
When: 1920s
Where: united states
Why it happened: the Universal Negro Improvement Association was made to help african americans. The move “Birth of a Nation” also inspired the revival of the KKK, and was used as a recruiting tool for the KKK.
Why it is significant: by 1944, 4 million people were in the Ku Klux Klan. Their goals were to enforce Jim Crow Laws of the south that they once saw, and stop the success of African Americans.
Muncie, IN
Who:
What: “Middletown” America. Ideal American City
When: 1920s
Where: Muncie, IN
Why it happened:
Why it is significant: it represented being an american and the ideal american city.
Herbert Hoover
Who: herbert hoover, president
What: politics of assoicationalism. welfare capitalism-let businesses provide the benefits. The coming of the crash. Hoover was president when the great depression struck, and despite his attempts, the economy steadily worsened.
When: president from 1929-1933
Where: United States
Why it happened: he was president from 1929-1933. the crash black tuesday,happened october 29, 1929. He started the Federal Farm Board (the gov. buy surplus cotton and wheat from farmers). He had public works, and a Reconstruction Finacne corporation (gov. give credit to businesses). During his presidency, farming worsened (drought, dust, heat, grasshoppers), there was despair (11,000 banks failed, $20 billion lost, 13 million unemployed), fear (hoovervilles), and okies (oklahoma dustbowl farmers who went to california to look for jobs)
Why it is significant: while he was president, the economy steadily worsened. Unable to pay rent, many families were evicted from their former homes and forced to crowd into shantytowns called “Hoovervilles” (named after president Herbert Hoover). These areas sprung up from coast to coast, crowded with the homeless who erected shacks out of whatever construction materials they could salvage. Hoover believed that the nationwide associations dominated the countries commerce, and wanted to promote business in any way possible. After winning the Presidential Election of 1928, he promised the American people a New Day, “bright with hope” and optimism. Ironically, during Hoover’s presidency the nation experienced the stock market crash crisis and the largest scale Depression to date. Hoover was criticized for his refusal to authorize large-scale relief programs that might have alleviated the suffering, unwillingness to use federal dollars to stimulate the nation’s economy, and failure to recognize the Great Depression.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Who: he was governor of new york before because president.
What:
When: became president in 1932
Where: United States
Why it happened: He took office after Hoover, who did an awful job as president. He immediately called for change after he became president. He insisted the federal government to play a greater role, supporting direct relief payments for the unemployed, pledged a new deal, and was committed to use the power of the federal government to combat the economic crisis that was destroying the nation. He believed that the solution to the Depression were 3 Rs: relief, recovery, and reform
Why it is significant: he created a bank holiday (which increased people’s faith in banks), he did fire side chats (which he projected confidence by sharing information and letting people know that he knew what was going on), he has prohibition repealed in 1933 (he had it taxed to pump more money into the economy). He had the first new deal and second new deal to help fix the economy and everything.
He was elected with over 80% of votes in the 1936 election. The people loved him and his programs.
The New Deal
Who: FDR
What: a series of experimental projects and programs, known collectively as the New Deal, that aimed to restore some measure of dignity and prosperity to many Americans.
When: during FRD’s presidency, 1930s. 1933-1934
Where: united states
Why it happened: After hoover’s presidency and the crash and great depression, FDR wanted to make a change and fix everything, so he came up with the New Deal to do that.
Why it is significant: They were aimed to restore some measure of dignity and prosperity to many Americans. More than that, Roosevelt’s New Deal permanently changed the federal government’s relationship to the U.S. populace.
Alphabet Soup
Who: FDR What: FDR's New Deal programs have been referred to as alphabet soup. When: 1930s Where: united states Why it happened: Why it is significant:
Axis Powers
Who: Benito Mussolini (Italy), Adolf Hitler (Germany), and (Japan)
What: italy- fascism (gov. system led by a dictator with complete power usually associated with nationalism or racism). germany- nazism
When: 1930s, 1940s, world war 2 time
Where: Italy, germany, japan
Why it happened: there was an unbalance of powers. Germany had the Nuremberg laws of 1935 which stripped ethnic jews of their citizenship. racism. and the European and African Invasion in 1934-1936 which was germany trying to spread through europe and africa.
Japan had the invasion of Manchuria in 1931, which was them trying to expand and killed 3000 residents in manchuria. It was nationalism, kill for their country.
Why it is significant: they had a alot of advancement. japan invaded china territory. germany invaded poland. Mussolini and hitler have an alliance in 1936. leads to the world war 2 offically starting in like 1939.
Adolf HItler
Who: head of Germany, dictator
What: believed in nazism. He turned Germany into a powerful war machine and provoked World War II in 1939. Hitler’s forces conquered most of Europe before they were defeated in 1945.
When: 1930s and 1940s
Where: germany,
Why it happened: he wanted to be in control and have power over germany and other countries. He didnt like jews, he was a nazi. He did the holocaust.
Why it is significant: A lot of people died unfairly because of him. he killed himself eventually. He invaded czechoslovakia and poland. He has a Non-aggression pact with USSR- which meant that the soviet union would promise not to take aggresive action against germany.
Neutrality Acts
Who: america, fdr
What: Beginning in 1935, lawmakers passed a series of Neutrality Acts that banned travel on belligerents’ ships and the sale of arms to countries at war.
When: 1935, 1936, 1937
Where: united states
Why it happened: america was trying to be neutral. but the united states needed to regain foreign markets. but there were wars going on in foreign countries. America wanted to stay neutral so they banned trading and shipping and everything with nations that were at war.
Why it is significant: after world war 2 begins the u.s. they sell nonmilitary products to nations at war if those nations pay with cash and ship it on their own ships. the U.S. lends china some money because they were being invaded by the nations at war. The event revealed the weaknesses of neutrality in a world growing increasingly violent and dangerous.
-The Neutrality Act of 1935 prohibited the export of military goods to belligerents, or nations in armed conflict. Less than five weeks after President Roosevelt signed the bill into law, Italian forces invaded Ethiopia. Because the Neutrality Act did not differentiate between aggressors and victims, the United States could not provide assistance to the Ethiopians, who were virtually defenseless against the mechanized armies of Italy. The event revealed the weaknesses of neutrality in a world growing increasingly violent and dangerous.
Four Freedoms
Who: FDR was president at the time, Americans
What: Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.
When: 1940s, FDRs third term
Where: united states
Why it happened: World war 2 had started.
Why it is significant:
The Lend Lease Program
Who: FDR, United States, Allies
What: Permitted the United States to lend or lease arms and other supplies to the Allies, signifying increasing likelihood of American involvement in World War II.
When: March 1941
Where: U.S,
Why it happened: World war 2 had started and america was started to get involved. So FDR authorized to sell, transfer, exchange, and lend or lease military equipment and other commodities to any country whose defense he deemed vital to the defense of the united states.
Why it is significant: this makes the united states not neutral anymore.
It ends neutrality and germany advances in europe, japan advances in asia, and japan signs military pact with germany and italy in 1930.
Pearl Harbor
Who: Japan, United States
What: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
When: December 7, 1941
Where: Pearl Harbor in Hawaii
Why it happened: japan and the u.s. had supposedly been at peace and discussing peace talks at that time. japan’s attack was a surprise attack.
Why it is significant: on december 8, fdr asks congress to declare war on japan. On December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declare war on the United States.
The United States gets involved in the World War 2.
