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AP Psychology > Unit 8 : Personality Modules 55 - 59 > Flashcards

Unit 8 : Personality Modules 55 - 59 Flashcards

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1
Q

Freud

A
  • psychoanalytic
  • focus on unconscious mind
  • iceberg of conscious and unconscious mind
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2
Q

Free association

A

patient speaks freely about whatever comes to mind while the therapist interprets. Reveals what’s in our unconscious

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3
Q

personality

A

relatively enduring behavior patterns (can changes)

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4
Q

Psychoanalytic

A

based on Freud, develops the understanding of the unconscious conflict

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5
Q

Psychodynamic

A

Carl Yung, personality with a focus on the unconscious and childhood experiences
➨ different from psychoanalytic : does not focus on sexual tensions, and focuses on childhood social experiences

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6
Q

humanistic

A

Carl Rogers and Maslow, focus on how to help people meet full growth potential

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7
Q

Trait theory

A

describing individual traits (MBTI and Big 5)

➨Allport

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8
Q

Social cognitive Theory

A

behavior is influenced by the interaction between peoples traits (thinking/cognitive) and social context (Albert Bandura)

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9
Q

iceberg model

A

most of the mind is unseen, unconscious

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10
Q

unconscious

A

according to Freud, mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feeling, and memories. Info processing of which we are unaware.

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11
Q

repress

A

forcible block of unacceptable passions and thought from conscious because they would be too unsettling to acknowledge.
- these reflect on choosing your work, beliefs, and habits

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12
Q

Freuds personality structures

A

ID : the unconscious energy that wants to satisfy sexual and aggressive drives. Operates on pleasure principles demanding immediate gratification
SUPEREGO: 50/50 conscious/unconscious represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement (conscious)
EGO : the mediator among the demands of the ID, SUPEREGO, and reality. the reality principle. In constant conflict
➟ego is fragile and has a hard time accepting the truth about itself (the ID) so it develops defense mechanisms

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13
Q

defense mechanisms

A 
➟repression
➟ regression
➟ rational formation
➟projection
➟rationalization
➟displacement
➟sublimation
➟denial
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14
Q

repression

A

banishing anxiety-arousing thoughts and feelings from the consciousness

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15
Q

regression

A

retreating to infantile psychosexual stages

➟thumb sucking when boy in on the way to school

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16
Q

Reaction formation

A

switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites.

➟ anger into exaggerated friendliness

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17
Q

Projection

A

Putting ones impulses on others

➟thief thinks everyone is the thief

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18
Q

Rationalization

A

self justifying explanations in place of the real threatening unconscious reasons
➟ I do not drink all the time, only with friends

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19
Q

Displacement

A

shifting sexual or aggressive impulses towards more acceptable objects or people
➟ punching a wall because you are upset

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20
Q

Sublimation

A

transferring unacceptable impulses towards socially valued motives
➟ man with aggressive urges becomes a surgeon

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21
Q

Denial

A

refusing to believe or perceive painful realities

➟denial of partner cheating on you

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22
Q

psychosexual stages

A

childhood stages of development where ids pleasure seeking energies focus on various sensitive areas.

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23
Q

oral

A

0-18 months

pleasure center on mouth, sucking, biting, and chewing

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24
Q

Anal

A

18-36 months

pleasure focus on bladder elimination

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25
Q

Phallic

A

3-6 years old

pleasure zone in gentiles

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26
Q

latency

A

6-puberty

phase of dormant sexual feelings

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27
Q

Genital

A

puberty +

maturation of sexual interests

28
Q

Oedipus complex

A

boys sexual desire towards mother and jealous and hatred towards father. (Electra complex for girls)

29
Q

identification

A

children incorporate parents values into developing superegos and gender identity

30
Q

fixation

A

focus of pleasure seeking energies at earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved

31
Q

defense mechanisms

A

psychoanalyticl protective measures of ego to reduce anxiety by distorting reality

32
Q

evaluation of freuds pers.

A

➨psych is not fixed only on childhood, but lifelong
➨he overestimated parent and underestimated peer influence
➨low evidence that defense mechs disguise sexual + aggressive impulses
➨stress and hormones create flashbulb (vivid) memories

33
Q

inferiority complex

A

strive for power because of prior inferiority

34
Q

collective unconsciousness

A

Carl Jung; shared and inherited memory, traces from our species history
➨symbols, culture, religion, myths

35
Q

projective tests

A

personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli that project and reveal the unconscious

36
Q

thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

expression of inner feelings and interests through made up stories from ambiguous scenes

37
Q

Rorschach Inkblot test

A

most used test, identify peoples feelings by analyzing interpretations (10 inkblots)
➨not backed by evidence (unreliable and has validity)
➨created by Hermann Rorschach

38
Q

validity

A

predicting what is supposed to predict

39
Q

Reliability

A

showing consistent results

40
Q

unconsciousness provides….

A

➨schemas; control for perception and interpretation
➨implicit memories (they operate w/o conscious recall even with amnesia)
➨instant activation of emotions
➨self concepts and stereotypes are automatic

41
Q

false consensus effect

A

Roy Baumeister; tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

42
Q

terror- management theory

A

death related anxiety. exploration of emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of death

43
Q

self actualization

A

motivation to fulfill ones potential

psych need that arises after other hierarchy needs are met and self esteem is achieved.

44
Q

self transcendence

A

meaning, purpose, and communion beyond the self

45
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Carl Rogers; attitude of total acceptance towards another person
➨ genuine, accept, empathy

46
Q

Self concept

A

all thought and feelings about oneself, answer who am I?

47
Q

Factor analysis

A

statistical procedure used to identify clusters of test items that tap basic components of intelligence

48
Q

personality inventory

A

questionnaire (true false/ agree-disagree) where people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to asses selected personality traits

49
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A

widely research and clinically used personality test. Original development to identify emotional disorders, now used for other purposes

50
Q

Empirically derived test

A

ex (MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and selecting those that discriminate between groups

51
Q

Big Five (Canoe)

A

➨Conscientiousness (competence and self-discipline)
➨Agreeableness
➨Neuroticism (emotional stability vs instability)
➨Openness
➨Extraversion
are quite stable, but can change as you mature
heritable and predict human behaviors for people

52
Q

Person-Situation Controversy

A

Are people traits consistent, or ever changing?
➨traits do not change over the years
➨genetically influenced traits like music taste, working space, and electronic communication

53
Q

behavioral approach

A

focus on effects of learning on our personality development

54
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

interaction influence of behavior, internal cognition and environment

55
Q

positive psychology

A

optimal human functions; aims to discover and promote strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive

56
Q

Adler

A

role of childhood and inferiority complex (seek to overcome it as an adult)

57
Q

Horney

A

child anxiety that leads to seek love and security

58
Q

Carl Jung

A

collective unconsciousness

59
Q

self

A

assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of thoughts, feelings, and actions

60
Q

spotlight effect

A

overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and mistakes

61
Q

self-esteem

A

feeling of self worth

62
Q

self efficancy

A

sense of competence and effectiveness

63
Q

self serving bias

A

readiness to perceive oneself favorable

➨good things are due to me, bad due to outside factors

64
Q

nacrcissism

A

excessive self love and self absorption

65
Q

individualism

A

priority to own goal > group goals. define achievements due to personal attributes and not group

66
Q

collectivism

A

priority to goals of a group (family or work) define identity with group

AP Psychology (14 decks)

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