Unit 8 : Personality Modules 55 - 59 Flashcards
Freud
- psychoanalytic
- focus on unconscious mind
- iceberg of conscious and unconscious mind
Free association
patient speaks freely about whatever comes to mind while the therapist interprets. Reveals what’s in our unconscious
personality
relatively enduring behavior patterns (can changes)
Psychoanalytic
based on Freud, develops the understanding of the unconscious conflict
Psychodynamic
Carl Yung, personality with a focus on the unconscious and childhood experiences
➨ different from psychoanalytic : does not focus on sexual tensions, and focuses on childhood social experiences
humanistic
Carl Rogers and Maslow, focus on how to help people meet full growth potential
Trait theory
describing individual traits (MBTI and Big 5)
➨Allport
Social cognitive Theory
behavior is influenced by the interaction between peoples traits (thinking/cognitive) and social context (Albert Bandura)
iceberg model
most of the mind is unseen, unconscious
unconscious
according to Freud, mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feeling, and memories. Info processing of which we are unaware.
repress
forcible block of unacceptable passions and thought from conscious because they would be too unsettling to acknowledge.
- these reflect on choosing your work, beliefs, and habits
Freuds personality structures
ID : the unconscious energy that wants to satisfy sexual and aggressive drives. Operates on pleasure principles demanding immediate gratification
SUPEREGO: 50/50 conscious/unconscious represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement (conscious)
EGO : the mediator among the demands of the ID, SUPEREGO, and reality. the reality principle. In constant conflict
➟ego is fragile and has a hard time accepting the truth about itself (the ID) so it develops defense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
➟repression ➟ regression ➟ rational formation ➟projection ➟rationalization ➟displacement ➟sublimation ➟denial
repression
banishing anxiety-arousing thoughts and feelings from the consciousness
regression
retreating to infantile psychosexual stages
➟thumb sucking when boy in on the way to school
Reaction formation
switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites.
➟ anger into exaggerated friendliness
Projection
Putting ones impulses on others
➟thief thinks everyone is the thief
Rationalization
self justifying explanations in place of the real threatening unconscious reasons
➟ I do not drink all the time, only with friends
Displacement
shifting sexual or aggressive impulses towards more acceptable objects or people
➟ punching a wall because you are upset
Sublimation
transferring unacceptable impulses towards socially valued motives
➟ man with aggressive urges becomes a surgeon
Denial
refusing to believe or perceive painful realities
➟denial of partner cheating on you
psychosexual stages
childhood stages of development where ids pleasure seeking energies focus on various sensitive areas.
oral
0-18 months
pleasure center on mouth, sucking, biting, and chewing
Anal
18-36 months
pleasure focus on bladder elimination
Phallic
3-6 years old
pleasure zone in gentiles
latency
6-puberty
phase of dormant sexual feelings
Genital
puberty +
maturation of sexual interests
Oedipus complex
boys sexual desire towards mother and jealous and hatred towards father. (Electra complex for girls)
identification
children incorporate parents values into developing superegos and gender identity
fixation
focus of pleasure seeking energies at earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved
defense mechanisms
psychoanalyticl protective measures of ego to reduce anxiety by distorting reality
evaluation of freuds pers.
➨psych is not fixed only on childhood, but lifelong
➨he overestimated parent and underestimated peer influence
➨low evidence that defense mechs disguise sexual + aggressive impulses
➨stress and hormones create flashbulb (vivid) memories
inferiority complex
strive for power because of prior inferiority
collective unconsciousness
Carl Jung; shared and inherited memory, traces from our species history
➨symbols, culture, religion, myths
projective tests
personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli that project and reveal the unconscious
thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
expression of inner feelings and interests through made up stories from ambiguous scenes
Rorschach Inkblot test
most used test, identify peoples feelings by analyzing interpretations (10 inkblots)
➨not backed by evidence (unreliable and has validity)
➨created by Hermann Rorschach
validity
predicting what is supposed to predict
Reliability
showing consistent results
unconsciousness provides….
➨schemas; control for perception and interpretation
➨implicit memories (they operate w/o conscious recall even with amnesia)
➨instant activation of emotions
➨self concepts and stereotypes are automatic
false consensus effect
Roy Baumeister; tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
terror- management theory
death related anxiety. exploration of emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of death
self actualization
motivation to fulfill ones potential
psych need that arises after other hierarchy needs are met and self esteem is achieved.
self transcendence
meaning, purpose, and communion beyond the self
Unconditional positive regard
Carl Rogers; attitude of total acceptance towards another person
➨ genuine, accept, empathy
Self concept
all thought and feelings about oneself, answer who am I?
Factor analysis
statistical procedure used to identify clusters of test items that tap basic components of intelligence
personality inventory
questionnaire (true false/ agree-disagree) where people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to asses selected personality traits
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
widely research and clinically used personality test. Original development to identify emotional disorders, now used for other purposes
Empirically derived test
ex (MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and selecting those that discriminate between groups
Big Five (Canoe)
➨Conscientiousness (competence and self-discipline)
➨Agreeableness
➨Neuroticism (emotional stability vs instability)
➨Openness
➨Extraversion
are quite stable, but can change as you mature
heritable and predict human behaviors for people
Person-Situation Controversy
Are people traits consistent, or ever changing?
➨traits do not change over the years
➨genetically influenced traits like music taste, working space, and electronic communication
behavioral approach
focus on effects of learning on our personality development
reciprocal determinism
interaction influence of behavior, internal cognition and environment
positive psychology
optimal human functions; aims to discover and promote strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive
Adler
role of childhood and inferiority complex (seek to overcome it as an adult)
Horney
child anxiety that leads to seek love and security
Carl Jung
collective unconsciousness
self
assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of thoughts, feelings, and actions
spotlight effect
overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and mistakes
self-esteem
feeling of self worth
self efficancy
sense of competence and effectiveness
self serving bias
readiness to perceive oneself favorable
➨good things are due to me, bad due to outside factors
nacrcissism
excessive self love and self absorption
individualism
priority to own goal > group goals. define achievements due to personal attributes and not group
collectivism
priority to goals of a group (family or work) define identity with group
