Unit 5 : Cognition Module 34-36

Question 1

Algorithm

Answer 1

logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem (more accurate)

Question 2

Heuristic

Answer 2

Simple thinking strategy that allows to make judgements and solve problems efficiently (speedy)

Question 3

Availability heuristic

Answer 3

Estimating likelihood of events based on their availability in memory (ex school shootings)

Question 4

Babbling stage

Answer 4

4 months, speech development stage, infants spontaneously utter various sounds (unrelated to household language)

Question 5

Belief perseverance

Answer 5

Clinging to ones initial beliefs after even after receiving new information that contradicts that belief

Question 6

Concept

Answer 6

Mental grouping of similar objects,events, ideas or people

Question 7

Prototype

Answer 7

Mental images, matches new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items in categories

Question 8

Confirmation bias

Answer 8

Tendency to search for info that supports our perceptions and to ignore evidence against

Question 9

Convergent thinking

Answer 9

Narrows available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

Question 10

Creativity

Answer 10

Ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Question 11

Divergent thinking

Answer 11

Expands number of possible problem solutions (creative thinking) that divergent in different directions

Question 12

Framing

Answer 12

The way an issue is posed; can affect decisions and judgements

Question 13

Grammar

Answer 13

System of rules that enables communication and understandinf

Question 14

Syntax

Answer 14

how we order words into sentences
(I went to the store) O
(Went I to the store) X

Question 15

Semantics

Answer 15

Meaning derived from words

Question 16

Mental set

Answer 16

Tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has worked in the past
(Invading jungle)

Question 17

Morpheme

Answer 17

Smallest unit with meaning

a, I, s (plural)

Question 18

phoneme

Answer 18

Smallest distinctive sound unit - include letters

Question 19

One word stage

Answer 19

speech development from 1-2 yrs child speaks in singular words

Question 20

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 20

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes; may lead to ignoring other relative info

Question 21

Telegraphic speech

Answer 21

Early speech where child speaks like telegram (2 word stage)
Uses nouns + verbs (go car)