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AP Psychology > Unit 10 : Social Psychology Modules 74-80 > Flashcards

Unit 10 : Social Psychology Modules 74-80 Flashcards

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1
Q

Social psychology

A

Study of how people are influenced and relate to one another, less focus on self, and behavior is shaped by situations

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2
Q

Attribution theory

A

Explain someone’s behavior by crediting the situation or the persons despositions

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3
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Analyzing other and underestimating the impact of the situation and overestimating the impact if personal disposition
->impact our attitudes and how we treat them

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4
Q

Dispositional attribution

A

Explains behavior as a result of their personality/personal disposition

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5
Q

Situational attribution

A

Behavior influenced by situations,

-> with our selves we see the situation of behavior, but not with others

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6
Q

Self serving bias

A

Tend to see ourselves favorably

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7
Q

Peripheral route

A

Influenced by incidental, outside factors; celebrity endorsement (fast results)

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8
Q

Central route

A

Persuade using thoughts, evidence, arguments, challenge human thinking (more durable)

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9
Q

Foot-in-the-door

A

Tendency for people to agree to bigger requests after first agreeing to smaller requests

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10
Q

Door-in-the-face

A

Start off with mega risk request to soften the request that you initially want to ask.

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11
Q

Role playing

A

Philip Zimbardos and Stanford Prison Experiment

  • > participants assigned to roles. : prisoner or guard
  • > the more they act like the role, the more they adopted the attitudes of the role
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12
Q

Role

A

Set of norms and expectations about a position

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13
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Leon Fetinger

  • > sometimes actions and attitudes do not match which causes discomfort
  • > in order to reduce discomfort, change attitudes / our actions

Ex : best friend-views them as “good” —> “good” person does something you view as morally wrong
-> change attitude towards the person or change moral views

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14
Q

Chameleon effect

A

Humans unconsciously imitate others expressions, posture, and voice tone

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15
Q

Conformity study

A

Solomon Asch
Experiment with lines
Going against a group/social norm-discomfort-feel pressure to conform

More likely to conform when
a group is in unison
Feel insecure
Admire group
Group is at least 3 people or more
Know we are being observed
No prior commitment to an answer
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16
Q

Normative social influence

A

Conform to gain approval or avoid rejection/disapproval

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17
Q

Informative social influence

A

Conform due to willingness to accept another’s truth

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18
Q

Obedience Study

A

Stanley Milgram

  • > inspired by WW2 and Nazi and how they were obedient even during Holocaust
  • > experiment included teachers (shockers) and students (shocked) if wrong answers were given the student would get a shock and the voltage would increase

Obedience is more likely when

  • > person giving orders is an authority figure
  • > supported by prestigious institutions
  • > victim is depersonalized / at a distance
  • > no role models for defiance
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19
Q

Social facilitation

A

Improved performance on a simple / well-learned tasks in the presence of others, but more difficult tasks seem impossible (arouses)

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20
Q

Social loafing

A

People put in less effort when putting efforts together than when individually responsible (diminishes)

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21
Q

Deindividualism

A

Loss of self-awareness and self restraint occurring in. Group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

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22
Q

Group polarization

A

Arguments become more intense during discussion throughout the group

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23
Q

Groupthink

A

desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternative thinking

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24
Q

Social control

A

Power of the situation

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25
Q

Personal control

A

Control of the individual

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26
Q

Minority influence

A

Power of one or two individuals that can sway majorities if they are firm

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27
Q

Culture

A

Enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

28
Q

Norm

A

An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior.

Norms prescribe “proper” and transmitted from one generation to the next

29
Q

Prejudice

A

Unjustifiable and negative attitude toward a group. Includes stereotypes, negative feelings, and discrimination

30
Q

Stereotype

A

Generalized beliefs about a group of people

31
Q

Enthnocentrism

A

Assuming the superiority of ones ethnic group

32
Q

Discrimination

A

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and it’s members

33
Q

Just world phenomenon

A

People believe the world is just and that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

34
Q

Social identities

A

Definition of who we are in terms of our groups

35
Q

Ingroup

A

“Us”- people with whom we share a common identity

36
Q

Outgroup

A

“Then”- those perceived as different and apart from our ingroup

37
Q

Ingroup bias

A

Tendency to favor our group over the other group

38
Q

Scapegoat theory

A

Prejudice offers outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

39
Q

Other race effect

A

Recall faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other races

40
Q

Aggression

A

Any physical/verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

41
Q

Frustration-aggression principle

A

Frustration due to the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal which creates anger, which can generate aggression.

42
Q

Aggressive replacement program

A

Help diminish aggressiveness with better reinforcement

43
Q

Social script

A

Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

44
Q

Proximity

A

Geographic nearness

45
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

Reappeared exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

46
Q

Reward theory of attraction

A

We like those who’s behavior is rewarding to us and continue relationships that offer more benefits to us than costs

47
Q

Passionate love

A

Aroused state of intense dopamine levels at the start of a love relationship

48
Q

Two factor theory in emotions

A

Emotions require physical arousal and cognitive appraisal. Arousal from anywhere can enhance these emotions depending oh how we would label and interpret them.

49
Q

Companionate love

A

Deep affection attachment we feel for those who are in our life, oxytocin

50
Q

Equity

A

Condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give

51
Q

Self disclosure

A

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

52
Q

Altruism

A

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

53
Q

Bystander effect

A

Bystanders are less likely to help if other bystanders are present

54
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Sharing of responsibility makes every single person become less likely to help

55
Q

Cost benefit analysis

A

Maximize rewards, and minimize cost

56
Q

Reciprocity norm

A

Expectation that people will help those who have helped them

57
Q

Social exchange theory

A

Social behavior that aims to maximize benefits and minimize costs

58
Q

Social responsibility norm

A

Expecting that people will help those needing their help

59
Q

Conflict

A

Perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

60
Q

Social trap

A

People pursue self-interest rather than the good of the group

61
Q

Mirror image perception

A

Mutual views held by conflicting people, each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful, while the other is evil and aggressive

62
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

Belief that leads to its own fulfillment

63
Q

Superordinate goals

A

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

64
Q

GRIT

A

Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction; strategy designed to decrease international tensions

65
Q

Overt prejudice

A

Outwardly, and verbal expression, lower in #

66
Q

Subtle prejudice

A

Internal, automatic preferences, higher in #

67
Q

Blame-the victim dynamic

A

Caused by the just-world phenomenon

AP Psychology (14 decks)

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