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AP Psychology > Unit 7 : Development Modules 45-48 > Flashcards

Unit 7 : Development Modules 45-48 Flashcards

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1
Q

Embryo

A

Developing human organism from 2 weeks after fertilization until second month

  • form takes shape, heartbeat develops
  • inner cells - embryo
  • outer cells - placenta
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2
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by pregnant woman heavy drinking. Causes small out of proportion heads and abnormal facial features

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3
Q

Fetus

A

Developing human organism from 2 months to birth

- 25 - 27 week baby more chance of survival

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4
Q

Maturation

A

sequential, biological growth process uninfluenced by experience.
Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience (sets basic course of dev.)
- sit up → stand up → walk → run
- thinking → memory → language
- frontal lobe develops last

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5
Q

Nature nurture debate

A

How genetic inheritance (nature) interacts with our experiences (nurture) to influence development

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6
Q

Rooting reflex

A

Touch to baby cheek; they turn toward the touch and open mouth

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7
Q

Teratogens

A 
harmful chemicals and viruses for the child
- alcohol
- smoking
- drugs (meds + bad)
- radiation
- fish
-caffeine
“Monster maker” agents; chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo/fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
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8
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg

  • rapid cell division
  • becomes embryo when zygote attaches to uterus wall
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9
Q

sucking reflex

A

automatically suck on nipple

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10
Q

Babinski reflex

A

stroke bottom of foot, toes flare out

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11
Q

schema

A

concept/framework to organize info

- incomplete added to when we experience things

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12
Q

assimilation

A

interpret new experiences with existing schemas

- dog → sees wolf → call it “dog”

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13
Q

accommodation

A

adapt or adjust schemas to new info

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14
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

birth to 2 yo

explore through senses and actions (look, hear, touch, mouth)

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15
Q

object permanence

A

awareness that things continue to exist even when not seen

- out of sight out of mind

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16
Q

preoperational stage

A

2- ~6/7 yo
- symbolic thinking
child learns language + numbers, but does not use logic (imagining an action reversing it)

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17
Q

stranger anxiety

A

fear of faces you are not familiar with (~8 mo)

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18
Q

palmer reflex

A

press on ball of foot, toes curl in

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19
Q

Moro reflex

A

startled, arms flare/thrash

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20
Q

albert bandura

A

Observation learning, sees parents doing something does the same

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21
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

6/7 - 11 yo

mental operations enable to think logically about concrete events

22
Q

Egocentrism

A

difficulty of children to take others POV (close eyes and say “you cant see me” because the child doesn’t see anything

23
Q

theory of mind

A

predict behavior based on others viewpoints

24
Q

concervation

A

like mass, volume, and number remains the same even through changes in object

25
Q

formal operational

A

~12 - adult

people being to think logically about abstract concepts

26
Q

abstract/hypothetical thinking

A

what if / then

make your own right vs right because of viewpoints, not because someone said so

27
Q

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

in childhood, marked by difficulties in communication and social interaction, rigidly fixed interest, repetitive behaviors

28
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

says that children can learn mental abilities younger than Piaget due to their environment through getting help from others

29
Q

attachment

A

emotional tie/bond w/ another person (commonly with caregiver)

30
Q

Adolescence

A

transitional stage from puberty to adult

31
Q

Harry Harlow

A

Experiment with monkeys and how children look more for warmth than food

32
Q

critical period

A

optimal period early in life of an organism when exposed to certain stimuli / experiences produces normal development

33
Q

imprinting

A

Konrad Lorenz
certain animals form strong attachment during early life critical period
- hard to reverse
- duckies following the person they first see (commonly mom)

34
Q

secure attachment

A

mother present ➔ comfortable play
mom leaves ➔ distress
mom returns ➔ seeks contact

35
Q

insecure attachment

A

anxiety/ avoiding trusting relationships. children dont explore
mom leaves ➔ crying or dont care

Insecure avoidant : doesn’t have reconnection w/ mom, avoid her soothing attempts, no return to play

Insecure anxious : continue to cry when reconnected w/ mom, doesn’t return to play, rejects toys

36
Q

temperatment

A
37
Q

basic trust

A

sense that the world is predictable + trust worthy; formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

38
Q

Erik Erikson

A

Basic trust, and how attachments assist motivation and foundation of parent or romantic relationships

39
Q

Moral reasoning

A

how people think about right and wrong

40
Q

Self concept vs self esteem

A

all thought and feelings about oneself

  • answers “Who am I?”
  • developed ~12 yo

a person’s overall subjective sense of personal worth or value

41
Q

authoritarian parenting

A

Diana Baumrind
parents impose riles and expect obedience
- “because i said so”
- lower self esteem + social skills

42
Q

authoritative parenting

A

Diana Baumrind
both demanding and responsive. Set rules and enforces, explain reason behind rules and encourage discussions in order to place rules and expectations
- high self esteem + social skills

43
Q

permissive parenting

A

Diana Baumrind
parents submit to childs desires, little demands and punishment
- aggressive and immature

44
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

Things you cant do by yourself
➥ things you can do with help
➥ things you can do by yourself

45
Q

X and Y chromosome

A 
XX = female
XY = male (can only be given by father)
46
Q

Intimacy

A

deep relationships can be formed

- parental, social, romantic

47
Q

isolation

A

people don’t foster relationships, and socially isolate themselves, leading to feelings of loneliness.

48
Q

Symbolic thinking

A

preoperational
ability to think about objects and events that are not within the immediate environment (language
- santa as a symbol of seasonal celebration

49
Q

Developmental psychology

A

Physical, cognitive, and social changes through life

50
Q

Habituatation

A

Decrease in responding with repeated stimulation

51
Q

Jean piaget

A
  • cognitive dev psych

- stages of cognitive development

AP Psychology (14 decks)

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