Unit 7 : Development Module 49-54 Flashcards
Aggression
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt/destroy
AIDS
Life threatening sexually transmitted infection that depletes immune system leaving person vulnerable to disease
Transgender
People who’s gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Toddlers will to do things for oneself or doubt abilities
Carol Gilligan and gender development
Makes and females have cognitive differences like men with aggression women with empathy
Conventional morality
Upholds laws and rules to gain social approval/maintain social order
cross sectional study
people of different ages are compared with one another
Crystallized intelligence
knowledge that comes from prior learning and past experiences
Elisabeth Kubler Ross and stages of grief
denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. All vary for each person
emerging adulthood
period of development from dependent to independent (18-28)
fluid intelligence
ability to think abstractly, reason quickly and problem solve independent of any previously acquired knowledge
Gender
Socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male or female
Gender identity
Sense of being male or female
Gender role
Set of expectations for male and female behaviors
Gender typing
Acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
➨ girls should take of their baby girl dolls
Generativity vs stagnation
Middle adulthood; get sense of contribution to the world (family + work) or lack of purpose
Identity
Sense of self; the adolescent task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and taking different roles
Identity vs role confusion
Adolescence; teenagers who test our roles and find themselves or get confused as to who they are
Industry vs inferiority
Elementary school; learn pleasure of applying themselves to tasks or feel inferior
Initiative vs guilt
Preschool; learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent
Integrity vs despair
Late adulthood; reflect on life and can feel satisfaction or failure
Lawrence Kohlberg
Levels of moral thinking; Preconventional, conventional, postconventional
Life span vs child psychologists
How kids learn and behave from birth to elders
Longitudinal study
same people are restudied and retested over a long period
Mary Ainsworth strange situation
observe attachment in children, that is relationships between a caregiver and child
Trust vs mistrust
Menarche
first mentrual period
Menopause
Time of natural stop of menstruation and women ability to reproduce declines
Mere exposure effect
people tend to develop a preference for things or people that are more familiar to them than other
Metacognition
awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes.
Postconventional morality
Adolescence and beyond; actions reflect belief in basic right and self defined ethical principles.
Your own good vs wrong
Preconventional morality
Before 9 yo; self interest, obey rules go avoid punishment and receive rewards
Primary sex characteristics
Body structure which make sexual reproduction possible (ovaries, testies, external genitalia)
Pruning process
brain eliminates extra synapses.
Puberty
Period of sexual maturation; person becomes capable of reproducing
Role
Set of expectations (norms) about a social position
Secondary sex characteristics
Non-reproductive sexual
Sexual orientation
Enduring sexual attraction towards own sex, opposite sex, or both
Social clock
Culturally preferred timing of social events
Marriage, parenthood, and retirement; can vary with culture and era
Social development
process by which a child learns to interact with others around them
Social Identity
“We” aspect of self-concept; answers who am I that comes from group memberships
Social learning theory
We learn social behavior by observing and imitating and being rewarded or punished
Testosterone
Male sex hormone which causes sexual growth in fetus and development in puberty
Trust vs Mistrust
If needs are dependably met infants develop basic trust
