Unit 6 : Theories of Motivation Flashcards
Instinct/evolutionary theory
Behaviors that promote survival
Infants instinct to suck promotes survival
Drive-reduction theory
Replaced the instinct theory
Focuses on psychological needs (food + water) leads to a drive (arousal of body) which reduces the need by fulfilling it
Optimal arousal theory
Things we do just because they’re exciting. Optimal level needed
Yerkes Dodson Law
Performance increases with arousal up to a point
Hierarchy of needs
Pyramid of human needs that need to be satisfied in order to move on to the next level need
Motivation
Need/desire that directs behavior
Homeostasis
Maintain a balanced constant
Incentives
Positive or negative environment stimulus that motivate behavior
Glucose, what happens when low
Fork of sugar that circulates in blood; major form of energy
When low organs signal brain to eat
Hypothalamus + glucose
Blood vessels supply hypothalamus responds to blood levels
Insulin
Secreted by pancreas, controls blood glucose
Ghrelin
Secreted by empty stomach; sends I’m hungry to brain (growling gremlin)
Orexin
Hunger triggering secreted by hypothalamus
Leptin
Protein hormone by fat cells; when present causes brain to increase metabolism and lower hunger
PYY
Digestive track; says “I’m not hungry anymore”
Hypothalamus
Maintains bodies homeostasis + regulates hunger thirst and body temp (contains endocrine system)
Lateral hypothalamus
Large hunger, signals that we are hungry
Ventromedial hypothalamus
Very minimal hunger, signals that we had enough
Set point
Body thermostat our body restores weight back to this point
Basal metabolic rate
number of calories you burn as your body performs basic (basal) life-sustaining function.
Set point + basal metabolic rate =
Ability to lose and gain weight
Hunger depends on
Memory
Emotion
Combo of body arousal and expressive behavior
James Lang
Arousal before emotion (J before L)
Cannon bard
Arousal and emotion at the same gime
2 factor theory
Emotion is combo of physical arousal and cognitive evaluation
Spillover effect
How emotions from one thing carry on and into another
Zajonc LeDoux + Lazarus
Emotions can proceed cognitive label
High road
Complex emotions go into sensory and pre frontal cortex
Low road
Simple emotions trigger without cortex
Low spine injury
No change to emotion
High spine injury
Emotions less intense
Autonomic nervous system
Mobilize body for action controlling psychological arousal
Insula
Neural center deep inside brain activated in social emotions
Facial feedback effect
Facial muscle trigger corresponding feelings
Stressor
Event that creates stress
Stress reaction
Physical and emotional response
Stress
Perceive and respond to certain events
3 stress categories
Catastrophe, major life changes, daily hassels
Adrenal glands
Secrete epinephrine, activate SNS and fight or flight
Cortisol
Stress hormone by adrenal glands
Hans Setle
GAS ARE
GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROM
Alarm reaction
SNS ready to fight use resources
Resistance
Temp BP stay high adrenal glands pump, fully engaged
Exhaustion
Runs out vulnerable to steess
Immune system influence
Endocrine and nervous system
Immune malfunction
Attack own health cells and tissues
Underreact and les virus pass by
Instinct
Complex unlearned and fixed behavior that is seen throughout species
