Unit 8: Glucose Regulation and Maladaptive Behavior

Question 1

What is hyperglycemia values?

Answer 1

> 140

Question 2

What are hypoglycemic values?

Answer 2

<70

Question 3

What is the main energy source for the fetus?

Answer 3

glucose

Question 4

What are the metabolic changes associated with glucose and the first trimester?

Answer 4

Insulin production increases
Tissue glycogen stores increase
Hepatic glucose production decreases

These three things lead to decreased fasting glucose levels

Question 5

What are the metabolic changes associated with glucose and the 2nd/3rd trimester?

Answer 5

Mother becomes more insulin resistant due to increase need of glucose for the fetus (18-36 weeks)

Question 6

What is key to optimal outcomes when dealing with diabetes?

Answer 6

Strict maternal glucose control

Question 7

What maternal risks and complications come from having pregestational diabetes?

Answer 7

Hydramnios
Increased risk for hemorrhage
Hypo or hyperglycemia
Ketoacidosis (>200)
Preterm birth
Preeclampsia
Macrosomia (increase fetus weight)
Increase miscarriage
Increase risk of infection

Question 8

What are fetal and neonatal risks with pregestational diabetes?

Answer 8

Increased mortality risk
Congenital malformations (3x high occurrence)
Respiratory distress syndrome
Prematurity
Intrauterine Fetal Demise
Hypoglycemia
Jaundice