Unit 17

Question 1

What are the physical characteristics of a preterm?

Answer 1

Small and thin
Bright pink, smooth, shiny skin
Abundant fine hair
Minimal creases on palms and soles
Bones feel soft (head and ribs)
Testes undescended
Labia and clit are prominent

Question 2

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 2

Deficiency of surfactant production in the lungs

Question 3

What are s/s of respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 3

tachypnea
dyspnea
pallor/cyanosis
flaccid
temp instability
unresponsiveness

Question 4

What is treatment of respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 4

Surfactant (endotracheal tube)
Positioning
Maintaining thermoregulation
Oxygenation and ventilation

Question 5

What is meconium aspiration?

Answer 5

Caused by prolonged gestation age
Aspiration in utero or first breath

Question 6

What are s/s of meconium aspiration syndrome?

Answer 6

Stained at birth
Tachypnea
Cyanosis
Dyspnea - nasal flaring, weak cry, grunting

Question 7

What is treatment for meconium aspiration syndrome?

Answer 7

If baby is normal (active and crying) - normal cares
If baby is not active and crying - suction and stimulation
Monitor for respiratory distress
Prevent acidosis and hypoxemia
Evaluate according to neonatal resuscitation

Question 8

What is necrotizing enterocolitis?

Answer 8

Inflammatory disease of the bowel because of poor perfusion

Question 9

What s/s of necrotizing enterocolitis?

Answer 9

GI: bloody stool, vomiting, inflammation & air
Respiratory distress
Decrease BP
Bradycardia
Temperature instability

Question 10

What is treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis?

Answer 10

Stop oral feedings
NG tube
Antibiotics IV
Correct fluid volume
Ostomy
Breastfeeding decreases risk

Question 11

What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia s/s? treatment?

Answer 11

S/S: wheezing, decreased air movement, ruptured alveoli, stiff lungs
Treatment: Increase O2 supplementation; use room air to start or nasal CPAP

Question 12

What is pneumothorax?

Answer 12

Air in pleural cavity
Treatment: chest tube, needle aspiration
S/S: apnea, sudden O2 drop, shifting air (listen to heart)

Question 13

What is apnea of prematurity?

Answer 13

No breathing >20s
Treatment: caffeine

Question 14

What is pulmonary HTN?

Answer 14

Right to left shunt to ovale open
Caused by meconium aspiration
S/S: decreased peripheral pulses, increased cap refill
Treatment: O2, nitric oxiced/ECMO, NSAIDs

Question 15

What is retinopathy of prematurity?

Answer 15

Leads to blindness
Treatment: surgery, O2 administration