Unit 3: Ethics Flashcards
What is ethics?
Moral principles that govern how the person or group will behave and conduct themselves
What is the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses?
A code of ethics that provides regulation and guidance in the role of a nurse.
What is the definition of autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice?
Autonomy: respecting the patients choice
Nonmaleficence: avoid harming on purpose
Beneficence: obligation to do good
Justice: fair, equity, and appropriate treatment of all
What are ways that ethical issues impact nursing and health care?
Genetic modifications
Conflict between a patients decision and nurses opinion
Lack of healthcare insurance limiting access
Life support stopping
Stopping the administration of a life-saving medication
What are chromosomal abnormalities?
polyploidy (more than 2 complete sets of chromosomes)
Aneuploidy (# of chromosomes is not 46)
- Monosomy missing a chromosome
- Trisomy extra chromosome
Translocation (2 chromosomes exhange material)
- Reciprocal: equal exchange making genotype and phenotype abnormal
- Robertsonian: the two “q” arms stick together and disregard the “p” arms leading to unbalanced genes
What is the major loss of pregnancy?
Chromosomal abnormalities
What is the most common autosomal abnormality?
Down syndrome
What are sex chromosome abnormalities?
Turner syndrome (45, X): webbed neck, short, low hairline in the back, lymphedema, low-set ears
Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY): male has small testes, delayed puberty, reduction of facial and body hair, infertility
What is multifactorial inheritance?
phenotypic characteristics resulting from 2+ genes on different chromosomes acting together (ex: cleft lip or palate)
What is unifactorial inheritance?
phenotypic characteristics controlled by a single gene
What is the chance of receiving a autosomal dominant disorder? What are they?
50%
Huntington’s Disease
Treacher-Collins Syndrome
BRCA1/BRCA2
What is the chance of receiving a autosomal recessive disorder? What are they?
25%
PKU, sickle cell amenia, Cystic Fibrosis
What is PKU?
A genetic disorder (inborn errors of metabolism, so metabolism doesn’t occur normally) that can lead to impaired cognitive functioning if not identified and treated with a special diet
Performed 24hrs of age, but baby needs adequate amounts of protein to be accurate results
Treatment: life-long diet management (low protein, phenylalanine-restricted diet, and special amino acid-containing milk)
What should we know about X-linked dominant inheritance?
Lethal to males
Less severe in women
Females have a 50% chance of transmitting
What are examples of Recessive X-linked inheritance? What should we know?
Color blindness
Hemophilia (inability to blood clot)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Fragile X syndrome (intellectual disability)
Males can only pass to daughters, females have a 50% passing chance
