Review Flashcards
Going through class notes and pulling what I need to review
What is family dynamics (unit 1)
Support from others for emotional, practical, and social aspects of their life.
How does family cultures and 21st nursing relate?
Allowing care for the whole family
Family cultures influence the type of care the patient receives and when they receive it
What are culture norms for hispanics and native americans?
Hispanic - mother more involved, wont breastfeed within the first couple days
Native American - herbal supplements, wont hold baby as much, multi-generational care
What is cultural competence?
The nurse respects and meets patients needs and beliefs
Gain an understanding of family roles
What are 4 steps of a family interview?
Therapeutic - ask questions about expectations, challenges, and concerns; involve the patient in decision making
Manners - ask about relation in room
Genogram and Ecomaps
Commandment - point out two ways the family has been supportive
What are ways to promote positive family dynamics?
Education
Participation - help the family identify learning needs
Media messages
What are health disparities for maternity care?
Lack of access - financial, transportation
Age - adolescents, older women
Homeless
Race
Incarcerated
Immigrants
Migrants
What are efforts to decrease health disparities?
Education for adolescents and older women
Migrant health centers
Translators provided
What is sexual orientation?
How one regards their gender
What is sexual health?
Having experiences with sexuality, hopefully positive
What are risk factors for sexual problems?
Culture
Politics
Education
Psychological
What is secondary dysmenorrhea?
Endometriosis or PID
Diagnosis: pelvic exam, ultrasounds, endometrial biopsy
What is endometriosis?
Endometrial tissue growth outside normal area
S/S: Infertility, painful intercourse, dysmenorrhea
Tx: surgery or medication
What is Menorrhagia?
excessive bleeding
What is ED causes and treatment?
Causes: medication, age, stress, HTN
Tx: counseling, medication, education
What are the 4 types of sexual dysfunction?
Arousal
Pain
Desire
Orgasm
What is the difference between HIV, HSV, and HPV
HIV is shown by a fever, rash, body aches, etc.
HSV has painful lesions + flu-like symptoms; it also increases miscarriage rates and chances of cervical cancer
HPV is genital warts; there isn’t an effective treatment
What are ethical issues surrounding nursing?
Chromosomal/genetic modification
Access to care
Life support
Stopping life-saving medication
Nurse and pt decisions are not aligned
What is Sex Chromosome Abnormalities?
Turner (x): webbed neck, short, low hair line, low set ears
Klinefelter (XXY): small testes, infertile, lack of body/facial hair, delayed puberty
What are X-linked Recessive traits?
Color-blindness
Hemophilia
When does conception start?
When the sperm fertilizes the egg
What are risk factors for reproduction problems?
Age (adolescents)
Poverty
What are nursing interventions for infertility?
Educate about possible treatments
Provide emotional support
What are ovarian factors of infertility?
no ovulation
What are hormonal factors of male infertility?
tumors
obesity
chronic illness
nutritional deficiency
What are testicular factors of infertility?
Undescended
STI
Infection
Trauma
Anti-sperm
What are factors affecting sperm transport?
Drugs
ED
STI
What are nonmedical treatments of infertility?
Herbal
Counseling
Changes in lifestyle
Not putting cell phone by waist
Avoiding water-soluble lubricants
What is the assessment for female infertility?
Ovulation?
Endometrial biopsy
What is the assessment of male infertility?
Semen analysis
Ultrasound
Hormone analysis
What is Hegar’s, Chadwick’s, and Goodell signs?
Hegar’s: softening of uterus
Chadwicks: blue color of cervix
Goodell: softening of cervix
All are probable signs of pregnancy
What is the timeline for embryo development?
15 days to 8 weeks
What are chorionic villi and decidua basalis?
CV - responsible for O2, nutrition, and waste
DB - maternal blood vessels
What is human placental lactogen role for pregnancy?
Stimulates maternal metabolism
Insulin resistance increase
Facilitates glucose transport
Stimulates breast development
What are maternal factors that influence fetal development?
Diabetes
Infection
Drugs
Radiation
Chromosomal
Spontaneous developmental errors
What is GTPAL?
Gravida
Term
Preterm (20-36 6/7 weeks)
Abortion (<20 weeks)
Living
What are vagina and vulva changes during pregnancy?
Leukorrhea (discharge) increases
Chadwick Sign
Lower pH to protect from infections
What are changes of the cardiovascular system during pregnancy?
Increase blood volume and CO
Decrease BP
Lack of iron
Increase plasma
Decrease Hct and Hgb
What are PICA cravings?
clay
ice
laundry detergent
What is melasma?
hyperpigmentation of skin over mothers cheeks, nose, and forehead
What is stria gravidarum?
stretch marks
What is angiomatas?
small harmless red dots
What are medical conditions that affect pregnancy?
Diabetes
HTN
Renal disease
Seizures
Cardiac
GI disease
Blood disease
Pulmonary disease
What categorizes a high risk pregnancy?
Multifetus
Developmental abnormalities
Low BP
Diabetes
What education for self-management should the nurse give an expecting mother?
Find reliable information
Nutritional intake increase
Educate about food-borne illness and pica
Avoid alcohol and limit caffeine
What s/s should a mother report in 1st tri.
Severe vomiting
Chills/fever
Burning during urination
Diarrhea
Cramping, bleeding
What are s/s of preeclampsia?
Visual disturbances
Swelling of face and fingers
Headaches
Muscular irritability
Heartburn/stomachache
What takes preeclampsia to eclampsia?
increase of BP
New onset or increased proteinuria
Risk factors for preeclampsia?
Age (>35)
Hx of preeclampsia
Multifetal
Chronic hypertension
New paternity
First pregnancy
Obesity
Race - blacks
Chronic disease (diabetes, lupus, sleep apnea)
What is HELLP Syndrome?
Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelet count
What is DIC?
Accelerated clotting leading to consumption of platelets and clotting factors causing uncontrollable bleeding
