Unit 2: Sexuality

Question 1

What is sexuality as it applies to nursing?

Answer 1

Essential aspect of peoples identity which is expressed through their thoughts and desires

Question 2

What is sexual orientation?

Answer 2

How people view themselves in regard to thoughts on gender

Question 3

What is sexual health?

Answer 3

having a positive experience with sexuality

Question 4

What are risk factors that place individuals at risk for sexuality problems?

Answer 4

Politics
Cultural norms
Education
Psychological

Question 5

What are potential risk factors for sexual dysfunction?

Answer 5

Physiological: ED, hormoones, illness, age, trauma, pregnancy, loss of mobility, and medication
Psychological: stress, depression, anxiety, dementia
Maturational: hormones, abnormal development, birth control
Environmental: polution/chemicals, social isolation, lack of privacy

Question 6

What is amenorrhea? Causes? Primary? Secondary?

Answer 6

Absence of menses
Causes: anatomic (low body fat, surgery), endocrine, chronic disease (diabetes), eating disorders, medications
Primary - no start of menses
Secondary - menses stopped, but menarche occurred (most often result of pregnancy)

Question 7

What is the management of amenorrhea?

Answer 7

Address underlying cause
Counseling and education regarding stress
Exercise

Question 8

What is dysmenorrhea?

Answer 8

Pain during or shortly before menstruation
Commonly thought of as PMS

Question 9

What are causes and treatment of Primary dysmenorrhea?

Answer 9

Biochemical basis
Arises from release of prostaglandins
Cramps
Treatment: heat, medication, alternative modalities

Question 10

What are causes and treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea?

Answer 10

Acquired menstrual pain associated with pelvic pathology, associated with endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Treatment: pelvic examination, ultrasound examination, endometrial biopsy, laparoscopy

Question 11

What is endometriosis?

Answer 11

Presence and growth of endometrial tissue
S/S: dysmenorrhea, painful intercourse, infertility
Treatment: drug therapy (OTC, NSAIDS, GnRH agonists) and surgical intervention

Question 12

What is menorrhagia?

Answer 12

Excessive bleeding

Question 13

What is metrorrhea?

Answer 13

Bleeding between periods

Question 14

What is oligomenorrhea?

Answer 14

infrequent bleeding

Question 15

What is hypomenorrhea?

Answer 15

Scant bleeding at normal intervals

Question 16

What are early symptoms of menopause

Answer 16

Irregular menses
Hot flashes
Night sweats/cold flashes
Vaginal dryness
Insomnia
Brain fog
Mood changes
Worsening of PMS
Urinary urgency

Symptoms increase 1-2yrs before menopause

Question 17

What is the treatment of menopause?

Answer 17

Estrogen - watch for blood clots
Supplements (vitamin E and B6)
Medications
Education (weight-lifting, high calcium foods, avoid alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine)

Question 18

When does perimenopause start?

Answer 18

8-10 years prior to menopause
Usually in their 40s

Question 19

What is erectile dysfunction causes? Treatment?

Answer 19

Causes: age, medication, neurological, psychological, HTN
Treatment: medication (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (vasodilators)), sexual counseling and education

Question 20

What is chlamydia?

Answer 20

Most reported
Diagnosis: Spotting or postcoital bleeding, purulent cervical discharge, or dysuria. Hard to diagnose, screening of asymptomatic pregnant women recommended
Managed by drug therapy

Question 21

What is gonorrhea?

Answer 21

Discharge
Known as the “clap”
Management: treatment with antibiotic therapy, drug-resistant strains on the rise

Question 22

What is syphilis?

Answer 22

Can have transmission through the placenta
2 stages: primary - painless lesiuns; secondary - leasions throughout body; tertiary - affects whole nervous system
Treatment: penicillin, sexual abstinence during treatment

Question 23

What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

Answer 23

Ascending spread of microorganisms from vagina and endocervix to upper genital tract
Increases risk of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain
Treatment: take all medication (antibiotics)

Question 24

What is human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Answer 24

Genital warts
S/S: irritating vaginal discharge with itching, dyspareunia, postcoital bleeding
Diagnosed through Pap smear
Management: get the vaccine, medication for discomfort, counseling and education, no therapy has been shown to eradicate it.

Question 25

What is Herpes simplex virus (HSV)?

Answer 25

Characterized by painful lesions, fever, chills, malaise, and dysuria
Increases risk of miscarrying
Associated with cervical cancer
Treatment: none

Question 26

What is HIV?

Answer 26

can be transferred to infant
With proper treatment transmission rate is 1-2%
Proper treatment: lab monitoring, vaccinations, no breastfeeding, triple-drug antiviral therapy, antiretroviral prophylaxis
Cesarean vs vaginal birth depends on virus load

Question 27

What are vaginal infections?

Answer 27

Group B Strep
Candidiasis
Vaginitis (BV)

Question 28

What is group B Strep?

Answer 28

A bacterial STI
Administer prophylaxis and will usually transfer to baby
Usually assymptomatic

Question 29

What is candidiasis?

Answer 29

Is a yeast infection
S/S: white, lumpy discharge, vulvar pruitus (itching)
Management: OTC agents, comfort methods

Question 30

What is Vaginitis (BV)?

Answer 30

Abnormal vaginal discharge which usually smells fishy
Treatment: oral or gel metronidazole, oral trinidazole, or clindamycin cream

Question 31

What are the 4 main types of sexual dysfunction?

Answer 31

Desire disorders
Arousal disorders
Orgasm disorder
Pain disorders