Unit 2: Sexuality Flashcards
What is sexuality as it applies to nursing?
Essential aspect of peoples identity which is expressed through their thoughts and desires
What is sexual orientation?
How people view themselves in regard to thoughts on gender
What is sexual health?
having a positive experience with sexuality
What are risk factors that place individuals at risk for sexuality problems?
Politics
Cultural norms
Education
Psychological
What are potential risk factors for sexual dysfunction?
Physiological: ED, hormoones, illness, age, trauma, pregnancy, loss of mobility, and medication
Psychological: stress, depression, anxiety, dementia
Maturational: hormones, abnormal development, birth control
Environmental: polution/chemicals, social isolation, lack of privacy
What is amenorrhea? Causes? Primary? Secondary?
Absence of menses
Causes: anatomic (low body fat, surgery), endocrine, chronic disease (diabetes), eating disorders, medications
Primary - no start of menses
Secondary - menses stopped, but menarche occurred (most often result of pregnancy)
What is the management of amenorrhea?
Address underlying cause
Counseling and education regarding stress
Exercise
What is dysmenorrhea?
Pain during or shortly before menstruation
Commonly thought of as PMS
What are causes and treatment of Primary dysmenorrhea?
Biochemical basis
Arises from release of prostaglandins
Cramps
Treatment: heat, medication, alternative modalities
What are causes and treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea?
Acquired menstrual pain associated with pelvic pathology, associated with endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Treatment: pelvic examination, ultrasound examination, endometrial biopsy, laparoscopy
What is endometriosis?
Presence and growth of endometrial tissue
S/S: dysmenorrhea, painful intercourse, infertility
Treatment: drug therapy (OTC, NSAIDS, GnRH agonists) and surgical intervention
What is menorrhagia?
Excessive bleeding
What is metrorrhea?
Bleeding between periods
What is oligomenorrhea?
infrequent bleeding
What is hypomenorrhea?
Scant bleeding at normal intervals
What are early symptoms of menopause
Irregular menses
Hot flashes
Night sweats/cold flashes
Vaginal dryness
Insomnia
Brain fog
Mood changes
Worsening of PMS
Urinary urgency
Symptoms increase 1-2yrs before menopause
What is the treatment of menopause?
Estrogen - watch for blood clots
Supplements (vitamin E and B6)
Medications
Education (weight-lifting, high calcium foods, avoid alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine)
When does perimenopause start?
8-10 years prior to menopause
Usually in their 40s
What is erectile dysfunction causes? Treatment?
Causes: age, medication, neurological, psychological, HTN
Treatment: medication (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (vasodilators)), sexual counseling and education
What is chlamydia?
Most reported
Diagnosis: Spotting or postcoital bleeding, purulent cervical discharge, or dysuria. Hard to diagnose, screening of asymptomatic pregnant women recommended
Managed by drug therapy
What is gonorrhea?
Discharge
Known as the “clap”
Management: treatment with antibiotic therapy, drug-resistant strains on the rise
What is syphilis?
Can have transmission through the placenta
2 stages: primary - painless lesiuns; secondary - leasions throughout body; tertiary - affects whole nervous system
Treatment: penicillin, sexual abstinence during treatment
What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
Ascending spread of microorganisms from vagina and endocervix to upper genital tract
Increases risk of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain
Treatment: take all medication (antibiotics)
What is human papillomavirus (HPV)?
Genital warts
S/S: irritating vaginal discharge with itching, dyspareunia, postcoital bleeding
Diagnosed through Pap smear
Management: get the vaccine, medication for discomfort, counseling and education, no therapy has been shown to eradicate it.
What is Herpes simplex virus (HSV)?
Characterized by painful lesions, fever, chills, malaise, and dysuria
Increases risk of miscarrying
Associated with cervical cancer
Treatment: none
What is HIV?
can be transferred to infant
With proper treatment transmission rate is 1-2%
Proper treatment: lab monitoring, vaccinations, no breastfeeding, triple-drug antiviral therapy, antiretroviral prophylaxis
Cesarean vs vaginal birth depends on virus load
What are vaginal infections?
Group B Strep
Candidiasis
Vaginitis (BV)
What is group B Strep?
A bacterial STI
Administer prophylaxis and will usually transfer to baby
Usually assymptomatic
What is candidiasis?
Is a yeast infection
S/S: white, lumpy discharge, vulvar pruitus (itching)
Management: OTC agents, comfort methods
What is Vaginitis (BV)?
Abnormal vaginal discharge which usually smells fishy
Treatment: oral or gel metronidazole, oral trinidazole, or clindamycin cream
What are the 4 main types of sexual dysfunction?
Desire disorders
Arousal disorders
Orgasm disorder
Pain disorders
