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Mom Baby > Unit 5: Reproduction > Flashcards

Unit 5: Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy?

A

Presumptive - obsserved by mother
Probable - observed by health care provider
Positive - objective signs assessed by an examiner

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2
Q

What are presumptive signs?

A

N/V
Fatigue
Breast changes
Quickening (fetal movement)
Amenorrhea

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3
Q

What are probable signs?

A

Hegar’s: softening and compressibility of lower uterus
Chadwicks: deepened violet-bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucose
Goodell: softening of cervical tip

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4
Q

What are positive signs?

A

Fetal heart sounds
Visualization of fetus by ultrasound
Fetal movement

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5
Q

What is impantation?

A

trophoblast secretes enzymes that allow it to burrow into the endometrium (6-10 days)

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6
Q

What is development of the embryo?

A

Most critical time for organ system development and external features
day 15 - week 8

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7
Q

What is amniotic fluid function?

A

Cushioning
Regulation of temperature
Kidney function
The volume is important to fetal well-being
Vernix caseosa protects fetus skin

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8
Q

What is chorionic villi and decidua basalis?

A

Chorionic Villi is responsible for oxygen, nutrition, and waste
Decidua basalis taps into maternal blood vessels

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9
Q

What is the function of the umbilical cord?

A

Supplies embryo with maternal nutrients and oxygen

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10
Q

What is the function of the placenta?

A

Metabolic exchange
Nutrient storage
Endocrine gland – HcG, Human placental lactogen, Progesterone, Estrogen

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11
Q

What is HcG?

A

Ensures supply of estrogen and progesterone needed for pregnancy

Will give the positive on urine test

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12
Q

What is Human placental lactogen

A

Stimulates maternal metabolism
Increases resistance to insulin
Facilitates glucose transport
Stimulates breast development

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13
Q

What is progesterone?

A

maintains endometrium
decreases the contractility of uterus
stimulates metabolism
development of breast alveoli

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14
Q

What is estrogen?

A

stimulates uterine growth and blood flow
Stimulates myometrial contractility
Proliferation of breast glandular

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15
Q

What is fetal circulatory system?

A

FHR 110-160
Bypass: ductus arteriosus - lungs; ductus venosus - liver; foramen ovale -a hole in the heart that allows blood to flow between the left and right atrium

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16
Q

What is viability?

A

capability of fetus to survive outside uterus
Usually around 24 weeks
Based on CNS function and lungs

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17
Q

What happens to the yolk sac?

A

Incorporated into digestive system

18
Q

When does the digestive organs form?

A

5-10 weeks

19
Q

What is the difference between dizygotic and monozygotic twins?

A

dizygotic - fraternal
monozygotic - identical

20
Q

What is cogenital disorders influencing development?

A

Environmental: maternal conditions (diabetes), infection, mechanical problems, chemicals/drugs/radiation/hyperthermia
Genetic: chromosomal abnormalities
Unknown: spontaneous developmental errors

21
Q

What is gravity?

A

number of pregnancies

22
Q

What is parity?

A

pregnancies that reached 20+weeks

23
Q

What is GTPAL?

A

Gravida
Term (37+ weeks)
Preterm (20-36 6/7 weeks)
Abortion <20 weeks
Living

24
Q

What is preterm? Late preterm?

A

20-36 6/7 weeks
34 - 36 6/7 weeks

25
Q

What is early term? Full term? Late term?

A

37 - 38 6/7 weeks
39 - 40 6/7 weeks
41 - 41 6/7 weeks

26
Q

What is postterm?

A

42+ weeks

27
Q

What is the earliest biochemical marker of pregnancy? For maintaining pregnancy?

A

HcG
Progesterone

28
Q

When do the trimesters start?

A

0
14 weeks
28 weeks

29
Q

What changes happens to the uterus during pregnancy?

A

enlarges, spherical shape, rotates to the right
Ballottement/Quickening (fetal movement passive/first recognition)
Hegar sign, braxton hicks, uterine bruit (rushing of blood to placenta), funic souffle (rishing of blood through umbilical cord)

30
Q

What are cervix changes?

A

Goodell
Friability (bleeding after examination or coitus)

31
Q

What are vagina and vulva changes?

A

Leukorrhea (vaginal discharge) increases
Chadwick sign (violet-blue color)
Lower pH to protect from infections

32
Q

What are the changes of breasts?

A

Fullness
Colostrum (nutrient dense milk)
increased pigmentation
Montgomery tubercles (antibacterial secretion)
Increased sensitivity

33
Q

Changes in cardiovascular system in pregnancy?

A

Increase blood volume and CO
Decrease BP - supine hypotensive syndrome
Increase plasma decreasing HCT and Hbg
Lack of iron

34
Q

What are respiratory changes during pregnancy?

A

diaphragm pushed up, causing chest breathing instead of abdomen breathing
Increased chest capacity
Edema of capillaries (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi)

35
Q

What are gastrointestinal changes during pregnancy?

A

N/V because of HcG
Bleeding gums
PICA cravings (clay, ice, laundry detergent)
Slower emptying time for digestion

36
Q

What is urinary system changes during pregnancy?

A

More UTIs
Laying on side can increase renal function

37
Q

What are integumentary changes during pregnancy?

A

Melasma: hyperpigmentation of skin over cheeks, nose, and forehead
Linea nigra: line midline on stomach
Stria gravidarum (stretch marks)
Angiomatas: star-shaped/branched, slightly raised, and pulsating end-arterioles (think small harmless red dots)
Palmar erythema: blotches on palm of hands

38
Q

What are changes in the musculoskeletal system during pregnancy?

A

Increase weight
Posture changes
Center of gravity shifts forward
“waddling”

39
Q

What are neuological changes during pregnancy?

A

Light headedness
Headaches (preeclampsia)
Alteration to sleep
Enhanced sense of smell and sensitivity
Edema leading to carpal tunnel syndrome

40
Q

What are changes to the endocrine system during pregnancy?

A

Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Pancreas

Changes in these hormones causes hot flashes, mood changes, etc.

41
Q

What are the changes to the immune system during pregnancy?

A

Protects mother against infection and prevent fetal rejection

Can’t give live virus vaccines during pregnancy

Mom Baby (8 decks)

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