Unit 8

Question 1

Gland

Answer 1

• an organ that synthesizes (makes) substances
  ex. hormones

Question 2

Hormone

Answer 2

• a chemical substance produce in the body that regulates and controls a range of
  bodily functions

Question 3

Secrete

Answer 3

to produce and discharge a substance, especially from the cells of specialized
glands

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

• the tendency of the body to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a
  system of feedback controls

Question 5

Target Cell

Answer 5

• a unique cell which does a specific job when a specific hormone attaches to it

Question 6

Receptor

Answer 6

a specific site on a cell designed to recognize and accept the specific hormone

Question 7

The Role of Hormones:

Answer 7

• Maintain homeostasis
• Release of most hormones occurs in short bursts, although some are secreted over
  long periods of time in order to stimulate permanent changes in the body
• Hormones only affect specific target cells by chemically binding to specific receptors
• Hormones regulate and coordinate a range of bodily functions

Question 8

Circulating hormones

Answer 8

• travel around the body in the bloodstream delivering messages to
  cells to perform a function which will help the body return to homeostasis (ex. adrenaline
  and testosterone)

Question 9

Local Hormones

Answer 9

• act on neighbouring cells without entering the bloodstream and are
  usually inactivated quickly (ex. insulin and glucag)

Question 10

Hypothalamus gland function

Answer 10

Regulates hunger. thirst, sleep and wakefulness plus most of your
involuntary mechanisms including body temperature

Question 11

THYROID
GLANDS

Answer 11

Regulates your energy and your
metabolism

Question 12

PANCREAS

Answer 12

Aids in the digestion of protein, fats and carbo- hydrates. Produces insulin which controls blood sugar levels.

Question 13

Ovaries

Answer 13

Influences how your blood circulates and determines your mental vigor
and your sex drive (Testes in males.)

Question 14

ADRENAL
GLANDS

Answer 14

ADRENAL GLANDS Secretes hundreds of compounds including cortisone & adrenaline which helps you react to 110. emergencies Regulates your metabolic processes in the cells, water balance, blood pressure etc

Question 15

THYMUS

Answer 15

Helps build resistence to disease.

Question 16

PARATHYROID

Answer 16

Secretes the hormones necessary for calcium absorption.

Question 17

PITUITARY
GLAND

Answer 17

Controls all other endocrine glands influences growth, metabolism and
regeneration.

Question 18

Metabolism

Answer 18

The conversion of nutrients into energy and building materials to meet your body’s needs

Question 19

Local hormone example

Answer 19

Pancreas release glucagon, this causes liver to release glucose into the blood. Causing increased blood glucose levels, if too high blood glucose levels, this causes insulin release, which causes liver to take glucose out of blood and store it as glycogen, this causes lower blood glucose level, cuasing release of glucagon.

Question 20

REGULATION OF CIRCULATING HORMONES

Answer 20

egulated through a «negative» feedback loop mechanism ✔

regulated by signaling from the nervous system «adrenaline» ✔

regulated by the chemical changes in the blood «insulin» ✔

Question 21

Explain the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

Answer 21

Neuro-hormones such as Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) are produced in the Hypothalamus
They travel down the nerve cells into the pituitary gland.
This causes the Pituitary to release Growth Hormone (GH)

The hypothalamus makes some of its own hormones such as Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
They travel down the nerve cells into the pituitary gland.
They are released directly into the blood stream from here.

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland work together to maintain homeostasis

The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland

The pituitary gland as the master gland, as it sends hormones to other glands in the body to release their hormones.