Unit 1.2

Question 1

• Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue

Answer 1

Contractility - ability for the muscle to shorten
Extensibility - ability for the muscle to lengthen
Elasticity - ability for the muscle to return to normal size
Atrophy - the decrease in the size of muscle tissue
Hypertrophy - the increase in the size of muscle tissue
Controlled by nerve stimuli

Question 2

What are classifications of muscles

Answer 2

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 3

Characteristics of cardiac muscle

Answer 3

Has striated, tubular, branched, uninucleated fibers;
Occurs in walls of heart;
Is involuntary.

Question 4

Characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 4

Has narrow, tapered rod-shaped cells;
Has nonstriated, uninucleated fibers;
Occurs in walls of internal organs and blood vessels;
Is involuntary

Question 5

Characteristics of skeletal muscle

Answer 5

Has striated, tubular, multinucleated fibers;
Is usually attached to the skeleton;
Is voluntary.

Question 6

Functions of muscles

Answer 6

Movement- this occurs through the interaction of bones, skeletal muscles and joints.

Muscle move substances within the body. Smooth muscles help move food, cardiac muscles pump blood to the rest of the body and skeletal muscles help return venous blood to the heart.

Stabilize and maintain body position. This occurs when postural muscles contract. The posterior neck muscles contract to keep the head upright.

Generate body heat. When muscles contract either voluntarily or involuntarily (shivering) they can generate up to 85% body heat.

Question 7

What is origin

Answer 7

the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone.

Question 8

What is insertion

Answer 8

the attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone.

Question 9

Identify all posterior muscles

Answer 9

Trapezius
Triceps Brachii
Latissimus Dorsi
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings(biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Erector Spinae

Question 9

Identify all posterior muscles

Answer 9

Trapezius
Triceps Brachii
Latissimus Dorsi
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings(biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Erector Spinae

Question 10

Identify all anterior muscles

Answer 10

Deltoid
Pectoralis
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis)
Tibialis anterior
Abdominus rectus
External Obliques
Biceps Brachii

Question 11

Identify all parts of a muscle

Answer 11

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Muscle fiber
Myofibril
Sarcomere
Actin
Myosin

Question 12

Epimysium

Answer 12

The outer connective tissue that covers an entire muscle, holding it together.

Question 13

Perimysium

Answer 13

The connective tissue sheet surrounding each muscle fascicle. Surrounds bundles of muscle fiber.

Question 14

Endomysium

Answer 14

A sheath of connective tissue that covers each muscle fiber. Surrounds individual muscle fiber.

Question 15

Muscle fiber

Answer 15

An individual muscle cell

Question 16

Myofibril

Answer 16

The contractile element of skeletal muscle. Bundle together to make up the muscle fiber. These are divided lengthways into segments called Sarcomeres.

Question 17

Sarcomere

Answer 17

The basic functional unit of a myofibril. Contain the actin and myosin to contract. Segment of a myofibril

Question 18

Two proteins responsible for muscle contraction

Answer 18

Actin – A thin protein filament that acts with myosin filaments to produce muscle action.
Myosin – One of the proteins that form filaments that produce muscle action.