Unit 3.1 Flashcards
List macro nutrients
Protein, Water, Fats, Carbs
List Micronutrients
Vitamins and Minerals
Three types of carbs
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
-Simple sugars, with one molecule.
-Very sweet and require no digestion.
-Found in fruit
-e.g. Glucose
Disaccharides
-Slightly more complex sugars, with two molecules.
-Fairly sweet and require little digestion.
-Found in milk
-e.g. Lactose
Polysaccharides
-Complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharides.
-Not sweet and take a long time to digest.
-Found in oats
-e.g. Starch
Condensation Reaction
the combination of two or more than two monosaccharides to
create a disaccharide or a polysaccharide where a water molecule is removed in the process
Explain how glucose molecules can combine to form disaccharides & polysaccharides
Monosaccharides can undergo a series of condensation reactions, adding one unit after another to the chain until a polysaccharide is formed. When two monosaccharides react a water molecule is lost and a disaccharide is created through condensation reaction.
- When one glucose molecule combines with another glucose molecule it creates maltose which is a disaccharide
- When a lot of glucose molecules combine together, they create a polysaccharide, for example, glycogen
State the composition of a molecule of triacylglycerol
1 Glycerol : 3 Fatty Acids
Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Saturated
- have no double bonds between their
carbon atoms
- solid at room temperature
- from animal sources
ex. butter
Unsaturated
-have one or more bond between their carbon atoms
- liquid at room temperature
- from plant-based foods
ex. oil
State the chemical composition of a protein molecule
1 Carbon : 1 Hydrogen : 1 Oxygen : 1 Nitrogen
CHON ratio of 1:1:1:1
Distinguish between an essential and a non-essential amino acid
Essential Amino Acids - can only get them from food
Non-essential Amino Acids - can get from food and can be made by the body
Some amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body, so they must be in your diet to be in good health. These are known as essential amino acids
Other amino acids can be synthesized by the body, and do not need to be in your diet. These are known as non-essential amino acids
Describe current recommendations for a healthy balanced diet
intake 45–65 % carbohydrate, 10−35 % fat, 20−35 % protein
- reduce daily sodium intake
- keep trans fatty acid consumption as low as possible
- reduce the intake of calories from solid fats and added sugars
- choose a variety of protein foods (seafood and beans)
- adequate water consumption
State the approximate energy content per 100g of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein
Carbohydrate
1760 kJ
Lipid
4000KJ
Protein
1720 kJ
What are proteins made of
Proteins are made of long chains of amino acids
