Option C.9 Flashcards
C.9.1 – Define musculoskeletal injuries.
injuries related to soft tissue <muscles/bones/tendons/blood vessels/nerves, eg sprains, strains and inflammation> ✔
C.9.2 - Distinguish between compression, tension and shearing injuries.
Compression:
compact injury where a collision occurs;
can cause bruising/broken bones;
Shearing:
occurs when there is extreme friction between two surfaces/sliding friction on two surfaces;
Tension:
occurs when tissue is stretched / strained beyond its normal limits;
Can cause tears in tissue.
C.9.3 - Distinguish between acute and chronic injuries.
Acute injuries:
occur suddenly as a result of a specific injury mechanism ✔
Occur suddenly.
Usually, one painful incident leads to them e.g. a fall.
Always require a period of rehabilitation, where sport may not be possible.
May require surgery if they are severe.
Examples are sprained wrist, broken leg, torn cruciate ligaments
Chronic injuries:
develop over a period of time and are often caused by repetitive activity ✔
Build up over time.
Not linked to one specific incident.
Often referred to as over-use injuries.
Caused by repetitive actions.
Make playing sport painful.
Examples are tennis elbow, shin splints, loss of knee cartilage.
C.9.4 – Outline the types of injuries common in different sports.
Lower limb injuries:
eg football players may experience lower limb injuries such as a meniscus tear ✔
OR
shearing injury occurs when there is extreme friction between two surfaces/sliding friction on two surfaces as in a sliding tackle in football
Spinal injuries:
eg gymnasts may experience spinal fractures from a poor landing ✔
OR
tension injury occurs when tissue is stretched / strained beyond its normal limits as in gymnastics
Head injuries:
eg, cyclists may experience concussion from a fall ✔
OR
compression injury where a collision occurs in rugby
C.9.5. Outline the common causes of running-related injuries.
rapid increase in training distance or intensity ✔
warm-up ✔
ignoring warning signs of discomfort can lead to overuse injuries ✔
running technique ✔
twists and turns ✔
running surface «eg hard surfaces can lead to stress fractures» ✔
footwear «eg incorrect type fails to compensate for over pronation» ✔
previous injuries «eg tight muscles straining tendons» ✔
running experience «eg novice runners less aware of body limits» ✔
biomechanical imbalance «eg poor gait leads to joint issues» ✔
C.9.6 - explain how risks and hazards of exercise can be reduced.
Regular moderate exercise:
this helps to improve various components of fitness of the body and ensure that it can cope with the stress of exercise;
moderate the type and intensity of exercise appropriate to age and ability;
Using protective/suitable equipment:
this will protect against repetitive injuries and also any sudden impact injuries eg shin pads for football;
Correct footwear/clothing for the sport will also reduce hazards and risks;
Regular health checks / rehabilitation from injury:
this ensures that any critical health features are being identified and monitored and informs the person of what they can do and what they may need to adapt in terms of exercise;
making sure athletes who have suffered an injury do not return to training too early or follow a more specific programme when training to prevent further injuries;
Completing warm-ups / cool downs / stretching routines:
this helps to build up intensity which helps to prepare the person for action / gradually reduce intensity which has been shown to assist with recovery;
Education/ courses/ officials:
this will ensure that technique is correct and that they are aware of how to minimise injuries;
the activity is officiated correctly / safety is considered.
C.9.7 – evaluate the benefits and hazards of exercise with regard to health.
Health Benefits of Exercise
Cardio-vascular health benefits
Prevention of many diseases
Boosts immune system
Builds bone density
Improved mood and psychological health
Many more
Health Risks of Exercise:
Collisions and falls
Overuse injuries
Joint problems
Pollution and airborne irritants
