Option C.1 Flashcards
Define sport
An organised activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment.
Define Physical activity
Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that significantly increases energy expenditure.
Define exercise
A subcategory of physical activitywhere bodily movements are performed to improve or maintain one or more component of fitness.
define physical fitness
Being able to meet everyday life activities
What is hypokinetic disease
a disease associated with physical inactivity.
Outline 5 different hypokinetic diseases
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
STROKE
HYPERTENSION
OBESITY
TYPE 2 DIABETES
OSTEOPOROSIS.
Discuss how studies of different populations provide evidence of the link between physical activity and hypokinetic disease
low/decreasing physical activity levels often correspond with a high/rising GNP ✔
inactivity is often attributed to inaction during leisure time and sedentary activities on the job and at home ✔
urbanisation can lead to a reduction on physical activity ✔
eg high density of traffic/pollution
OR
eg reduction of parks/sidewalks/recreational facilities ✔
an increase in age of populations is likely to increase the likelihood of hypokinetic diseases and a reduction in physical activity ✔
Types of physical fitness
Physical Fitness can be divided into the two categories we mentioned in Topic 6:
- body composition
- agility
- cardio-respiratory fitness (aerobic capacity)
- balance
- flexibility
- coordination
- muscular endurance
- power
- strength
- reaction time
- speed
What is a stroke
a blood clot in a vessel of the brain, blocks blood and O2 getting to areas of the brain, leading to tissue death
What is hypertension
High blood pressure
What is obesity
Excess body fat
What is type 2 diabetes
Body becomes resistant to insulin produced by the pancreas (best treatment is exercise)
What is osteoporosis
Low bone density, its like having holes in the bone, it makes it easier to break (to make it stronger/more dense, we put force to the bone)
Discuss the relationship between major societal changes and hypokinetic disease
the introduction of the motor vehicle✔
changes in employment, jobs are more office based leading to increasing sedentary bouts✔
changes in diet including increase in fast food resulting in higher saturated fats and sugars✔
technological devices reducing manual labour✔
children spending greater number of hours playing computer games and watching TV✔
urbanisation/high density living reducing recreational space✔
