Option C.7 Flashcards
C.7.1 Define the term mood
A state of emotional or affective arousal of varying, and nor permanent, duration. Feelings of elation or happiness lasting several hours or even a few days are examples of mood.
C.7.2 Outline the effects of exercise on changing moods states
->Research suggests exercise is one of the most effective methods of alleviating a bad mood
It supports the use of exercise in modifying fatigue
anger
anxiety
depression
Clear thinking
Improves sleep quality
Energy Increase
Sense of well-being
enhances self-esteem
Positive effects on women’s experiences of menstruation, pregnancy and menopause
(increases endorphins, norepenphrine (= improved circulation), and serotonin (= less depression & anxiety)
->May apply both to healthy individuals and to those with disease and disability
C.7.3 Outline how exercise enhances psychological well-being
PSYCHOLOGICAL:
distraction from daily hassles and routine
enhanced feeling of control
feeling of competency
Positive mood, social interactions
Improved self-concept and self-esteem
->refers to a set of feelings experienced on a day-to-day basis.
->mood states can last for hours, days, weeks, or even months
->distinct from emotions - lasts longer, emotions are feelings generated in response to specific events, lasting for minutes, hours
->Can be positive (happiness, vigour) and negative (anger, anxiety, depression, fatigue)
C.7.4 Explain the role of exercise in reducing the effects of anxiety and depression
exercise seems to have a positive correlation with alleviating depression ✔
being sedentary has been shown to be related to higher levels of depression ✔
no causal link has been established between exercise and depression ✔
exercise involving rhythmical abdominal breathing is likely to have a positive effect ✔
OR
exercise at least 20 minutes in duration is likely have a positive effect ✔
exercise may increase the release of endorphins / increase serotonin / norepinephrine synthesis ✔
exercise groups convey a sense of mastery and increased self-esteem ✔
may also provide social interaction and promote social support ✔
C.7.5 Discuss the potential personal and environmental barriers to physical activity
Personal factors:
past behaviours, eg not having a positive experience in the past through poor modelling or discouragement ✔
Insecurities around body image ✔
Environmental factors:
social environment, eg lack encouragement/companionship from parents ✔
social and cultural norms within various ethnic groups, eg false belief/values/attitudes that females should not engage in exercise ✔
Lack of effective leaders/role models ✔
What is depression
Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy and poor concentration. These problems can become chronic or recurrent and lead to substantial impairments in an individual’s ability to take care of his or hers everyday responsibilities. At its worst, depression can lead to suicide.
C.7.6 Describe strategies for enhancing adherence to exercise
Environmental approaches - prompts, contracting, perceived choice
Reinforcement of adherence approaches - rewards for attendance and participation, external feedback, self-monitoring)
Goal Setting - associative vs. dissociative focus during exercise
Social support - role of others (spouse, family members, friends),:through them joining in with you ✔
through them transporting you to a venue ✔
through providing money for costs or equipment ✔
C.7.7 Outline the possible negative aspects of exercise adherence
chronic/repetitive/stereotyped pattern of regular exercise regardless of any negative consequences;
increased priority of exercise;
negative mood / irritable with withdrawal;
a need to exercise more for the same psychological reward;
subjective awareness of compulsion to exercise;
