Unit 6 Notes: Ancient Islam

Question 1

Five pillars of Islam

Answer 1

Shahada
Salat
Zakat
Sawm
Hajj

Question 2

Shahada

Answer 2

profession of faith

Question 3

Salat

Answer 3

prayer 5x’s a day
pray on prayer mat facing Mecca

Question 4

Zakat

Answer 4

Alms giving - tithing to the church
2.5% of income

Question 5

Sawm

Answer 5

Ramadan - when you fast all day, can only eat at night for a month

Question 6

Hajj

Answer 6

pilgrimage to Mecca - go visit holy places for a week every year

Question 7

Qur’an

Answer 7

Holy book/bible for Islam

Question 8

Allah

Answer 8

One God
God of Abraham
Christians, Jews and Muslims believe in same God

Question 9

Muhammad

Answer 9

Prophet and founder of Islam
Born in powerful Mecca family
Raised by grandfather
Becomes successful businessman
Marries older employer
Devotes life to prayer and religion
At 40 he received revelation - angel Gabriel tells him to share the word of God.
Taught everyone to abandon all other gods in favor of God

Question 10

Muslim

Answer 10

meaning ‘one who has submitted’
followers of Islam

Question 11

The Hira (migration) 622 BCE

Answer 11

Hostility in Mecca
Seen as a threat to pagan worshipers
Jews and christians accuse Allah of blasphemy
Flees mecca with a few followers to Medina
Recruits many devoted followers in Medina.

Question 12

Umayyad Dynasty

Answer 12

Battle where Umayyad fought with Quran verses on spears.
Ali doesn’t fight and is killed by his people.
The capital is moved from Mecca to Damascus
The Umayyads live an Opulent lifestyle.
Hussein Ibn Ali fights back and wants to change everything back to the normal way.
Caliph voting ends with Ali. Passed through his family after that.

Question 13

Abbasid Dynasty

Answer 13

750 -1258 BCE
Defeat of the umayyads
Battle of zab - Abbasid’s defeat Umayyad.
Persian shift - everything is moved after the umayyads are defeated.
Baghdad is the new capital. Great for trade. Trade and culture flourished under their control.
Caliphate of Cordoba (spain) - last surviving Umayyad leader starts muslim empire in Spain.
Fatimid Caliphate (Cairo, egypt) - shia muslims start empire in Egypt.

Question 14

Shi’a

Answer 14

Muhhamad’s blood should lead
Imam = Infallible ruler (chosen ruler)

Question 15

Sunni

Answer 15

Muslim split
Anyone can lead.
Most muslim’s are sunni.

Question 16

Sufi

Answer 16

Reject materialism.
Many are monks and missionaries.

Question 17

Mecca

Answer 17

South of medina
Muhammad Born in mecca
Forced to leave when starting Islam religion
Returns to mecca, 630 BCE with 10,000 muslims forcing Meccan leaders to surrender
When they take over, they destroy false gods in the Ka’aba.
Unifies Arabian peninsula under islam by 700.
Muhammad dies two years later in his sixties

Question 18

Medina

Answer 18

North of mecca
Where Mahhamad moves after leaving mecca
Creates Islam following

Question 19

Reasons for the spread of Islam

Answer 19

Military success - conquered territory
Treatment of conquered people well
Conversion to islam because they treated the
conquered people so well

Question 20

Rightly Guided Caliphs

Answer 20

Muhammad’s succesors

Question 21

Abu Bakr - successor

Answer 21

the first caliph
used military force to assert control
by the time he died, they had control of the Arabian peninsula
Mahammud’s business partner and friend.

Question 22

Umar Began

Answer 22

Began conquest of ran and egypt
known for justice distinguish right from wrong

Question 23

Uthman

Answer 23

murdered,
recension of the qur’an
Conquered a lot of land and took everything from places and gave power to friends and family

Question 24

Ali

Answer 24

murdered
takes over after Uthman
cousin and son in law of muahmmad
Supposedly murdered Uthman
He was assassinated, the elected Caliphs went away and no more chosen leaders.

Question 25

Culturally unified portions of 3 continents

Answer 25

Trade and conquest
Common currency (dinar)
Common language (arabic)

Question 26

Four social classes

Answer 26

Born muslims
Converts
‘Dhimmi’
(Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians (anyone not Muslim)
Unequal)
Can’t evangelize (spread your religion)
Slaves

Question 27

Rights and taxes

Answer 27

the higher you are on the social ladder, the less taxes and more rights you have

Question 28

Diversity

Answer 28

Had control of Egypt, Spain, Persia
Cultural exchange leads to intellectual progress

Question 29

Government

Answer 29

Imperial Structure

Question 30

Caliph

Answer 30

leader of Islam

Question 31

Vizier

Answer 31

main leader and assistant to Caliph - Sultan

Question 32

Emir

Answer 32

like a governor
leads small area

Question 33

diwan

Answer 33

deals with finances
collects taxes
pays soldiers

Question 34

sharia law

Answer 34

law for muslim religion
laws based on Qur’an

Question 35

Ulama

Answer 35

scholars on religious law
interprets the qur’an and its laws

Question 36

Role of women

Answer 36

Male dominated society
Public life - must always be with an escort
Hijab - must be fully covered at all times
Polygamy - husband can have several wives if the wife agreed and all wives were provided for.
Up to four wives if they can afford it.
Legal protections - had legal protections over property, inheritance, widows.
Divorce - women can get divorce if she can prove illicit affairs were going on
Dowry - women get their dowry back if divorced
Property - can inherit property.