Unit 13 Notes: Islamic World

Question 1

Mongol Invasion

Answer 1

Abbasid collapse
- Sack of Baghdad, 1258

Question 2

Timur

Answer 2

Timur Tamerlane 1370-1405 - Mongol Ruler
- Conquers Russia, India, Persia, Anatolia (Turkey)
- Fierce warrior king
- Captures Ottoman Sultan
- Dies while fighting China

Question 3

Ottoman Empire

Answer 3

1280-1918
Turkey (Anatolia)
Osman I = first Sultan
- Creates strong empire
- Brought together people by merit to create strong
empire
Sunni Islam
- Wanted leader to be chosen by merit, not bloodline
from Muhammad

Question 4

Ottoman Conquest

Answer 4

Advanced artillery technology
Tolerant of diversity:
- Local autonomy
- Orthodox church
Janissaries

Question 5

Janissaries

Answer 5

Loyal soldiers of the sultan
Devshirme:
- Young european boys drafted to be janissaries
- The boys would become educated and have
opportunities
- Christian parents didn’t care if they converted to Islam
because they got an education

Question 6

Mehmet II

Answer 6

1432-1481
Conquers Constantinople (Istanbul) 1453
- Capital of Roman empire
- Army of 100,000 soldiers conquers Constantinople
- They conquer and rebuild the city and call it Istanbul
- It is open to anyone and any religion.

Question 7

Selim The Grim

Answer 7

1512-1520
Grandson of Mehmet II
Murders his father and anyone in his family except one son to secure the throne
Conquers Egypt
Conquers holy cities, Mecca and Medina
Controls most of middle east

Question 8

Suleiman I

Answer 8

The “magnificent”
Lawgiver
Builder
Leader during the peak of the Ottoman empire and expansion
20-30 million subjects

Question 9

Safavid Empire

Answer 9

1501-1722
present day Iran
Shia Islam (bloodline)
Shah Isma’il
- founder
Didn’t tolerate diversity
Didn’t want to expand due to different cultures
Very conservative Islam

Question 10

Safavid Qizilbash

Answer 10

Unified Shia States
Turkish Sufi militant group that were known to wear ‘red hats’

Question 11

Safavid Intolerance

Answer 11

Didn’t tolerate diversity
Sha as “Imam”
Sunni (Ulama - scholars) persecution

Question 12

Mughal Empire

Answer 12

1490-1719
India & Pakistan
Babur 1483-1530
- Sets up Mughal Empire
- First ruler
- Conquers Kabul, Delhi

Question 13

Akbar

Answer 13

1556-1605
Mughal Emperor
Unifies Northern India
Diversity and tolerance
Rulers were a muslim minority (Sikhism)
(most Indians are Hindu)
Administration:
Centralized government
Imperial governors
Uniform tax system
“Jizya”: tax paid by non-muslims

Question 14

Taj Mahal

Answer 14

Built for Shah Jahan’s wife
His wife’s tomb
Overtaxed the people to build the Taj Mahal
Causes rebellions

Question 15

Muslim Arts and Architecture

Answer 15

Carpet Making
1001 nights
Suleymaniye (Blue) Mosque
Blue makes it high status and value
Taj Mahal

Question 16

Shah Jahan

Answer 16

Mughal emperor 1628-1658
Built Taj Mahal

Question 17

Muslim Intellectual advances

Answer 17

Piri Reis’s “Book of the Sea”
Plagues quarantines, contagions
Advances in math, science, medicine, hospitals
invented chess

Question 18

Book of the Sea

Answer 18

Piri Reis’s book with maps of the sea

Question 19

Muslim social developments

Answer 19

Coffeehouses
Became place of social activity
Thought coffee encouraged immorality

Question 20

Empire’s tolerance of different faith

Answer 20

Ottoman - tolerant of all faiths
Safavid - everyone had to be Shia Muslim
Mughal - inconsistent. go back in forth with their tolerance

Question 21

Muslim Economy

Answer 21

Credit
Sakk = check
Tariff = taxes coming into the region
Trade
- Indian cotton and spices
- Persian rugs
- Chinese goods

Question 22

Cause of Muslim Decline

Answer 22

1700s
Declining military strength
Political instability
Fiscal problems
- Start losing territory and revenue
European expansion and rivalry

Question 23

Affects of European Expansion

Answer 23

Europeans bypassed traditional trade routes
British East India Company
Factory forts
Sepoys
- Indian soldiers serving under British Rule
European Imperial control