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World Civ > Unit 10 Notes: Colonialism > Flashcards

Unit 10 Notes: Colonialism Flashcards

1
Q

American Southwest Tribes/Civilizations

A

Hohokam, Anasazi, Pueblo, Hopi
(don’t know how they disappeared)

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2
Q

Southwest Trade and irrigation

A

Trade was very important. helped them survive and get items not normally available to them
New irrigation systems allowed them to survive in aired places

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3
Q

Cliff Dwellings

A

Puebloans lived in canyons, on cliffs and in caves

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4
Q

Mississippian Culture

A

Mound builders
- in Hopewell (OH) and Cahokia (IL)

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5
Q

Mound Building

A

Built massive mounds out of mud and sticks to live in. Little mud huts.

Built mounds because the midwest was flat and they could see everything if they built up.

When Chiefs died they were buried in their mound and their loved ones were killed and buried with the chief so they can go to the next world together.

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6
Q

Mississippian Afterlife

A

When Chiefs died they were buried in their mound and their loved ones were killed and buried with the chief so they can go to the next world together.

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7
Q

Nixtamalization

A

Aztecs discovered that ashes from cooking fires mixed with water created an alkaline lime mixture that softened, partially dissolved, and helped remove the kernel’s tough outer skin, making corn easier to cook and make into masa (dough).

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8
Q

Khipu

A

used by the Incas to keep records and communicate information using string and knots

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9
Q

Mesoamerica Olmec

A

1200-400 BCE
Found off of gulf of mexico
rubber trees
ball game - combination of soccer and basketball. Loser would be sacrificed
oldest civilization in mexico
detailed stone head carvings - showed how advance and civilized they were

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10
Q

mesoamerica Zapotec

A

500-700AD
Southeast Mexico
Hieroglyphs
Monte Alban
- Step Pyramids
Obsidian - really hard rock used for tools
shows their sophistication

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11
Q

Andean Civilization
Chavin Civilization

A

900-200 BC
Northern Peru
known for…
advanced acoustics
temperature control

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12
Q

Andean Civilization
Moche

A

200-600 AD
advanced gold work
irrigation
city-states

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13
Q

Andean Civilization
Nazca

A

100-700 AD
Southern Peruvian Coast
arid
line carvings
obsidian

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14
Q

Mayans

A

Classical Period 250-900 AD
Individual city-states emerge
middle class forms
Plumed serpents is a higher status/class

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15
Q

Mayan government

A

Feudalistic society
Priest-Kings
Religious significance gave people power, not money or status
united through culture, language, trade

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16
Q

Chocolate

A

Mayans were the first to use chocolate
- smoked it
no common currency
- traded cocoa beans

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17
Q

Mayan Achievements

A

complex writing system
Popul Vuh - mayan creation myth
came up with 365 day calender
-believed time was a burden
-each god took the burden of each day
-planned day upon which god was in charge that day
Astronomy
developed the concept of 0.

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18
Q

Mayan Religion

A

science and religion
Kept Gods happy by blood sacrifice
-best gift you can give your god is to be sacrificed
Bloodletting
-people were cut and offered blood to the Gods

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19
Q

Mayan decline

A

cities mysteriously were abandoned around 1400
- no one knows why

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20
Q

Aztecs time frame

A

1428-1521 AD

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21
Q

Aztecs
The Toltec Civilization

A

violent and warlike people
used human sacrifice a lot

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22
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

Capital of Aztec empire
used Chinampa farming

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23
Q

The triple alliance

A

Emperor took over and ruled three city-states

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24
Q

Aztec God

A

Huitzilopochtli
- their God they make sacrifices to

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25
Q

Aztec military and political impact

A

sacrifices leads to depopulation and rebellion

26
Q

Aztec Expansion consequences

A

conquered people rebel because of harsh ruling

27
Q

Aztec Collapse

A

Montezuma II is the Aztec leader at the time of downfall
Hernan Cortes takes over Aztecs

28
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

Montezuma fights against Cortes at first - causes Cortez to retreat

When Cortes comes back to try to take over he realizes the Aztecs are killed by disease.

Cortez takes over

29
Q

Incan Founder/leader

A

Pachacuti
“reformer of the world”

30
Q

Incan Empire Size

A

largest of the three mesoamerican empire

31
Q

Incan Society and government

A

very violent
military expansion
required tributes through gold, food and labor.
four city-states

32
Q

Incan Capital

A

Cuzco

33
Q

Incan government philosophy

A

Communism
- everyone shared labor and food

34
Q

Incan Mita

A

Labor tax

worked certain amount of days per year for the government

Built major road systems

35
Q

Incan Religion

A

Virachocha
“great creator”
Main Incan God

36
Q

Inti and the Emperor

A

Emperor that was thought to be the “Sun God” that was born from Viracocha

37
Q

Incan Temple of the Sun

A

built in Cuzco (capital)
All emperors were ‘born’ from the God Inti

38
Q

Incan Religious beliefs

A

Less Gods than the Mayans and Aztecs
Believed in child sacrifice
used mummification
worshiped their dead ancestors

39
Q

Incan Collapse

A

Civil war:

Atahualpa and brother fight over who becomes next Emperor
Atahualpa wins and kills brother
Civil war weakens Incas so Pizarro can come and take over

40
Q

Spanish Arrival

A

Fransisco Pizarro
asks for all the gold from Incas
kills them later
disease wipes out the surviving Incas.
All survivors become slaves to Spanish

41
Q

Causes for European Exploration (3 G’s)

A

God
Gold
Glory

42
Q

Economic reasons for european exploration

A

Black death - killed ⅔ population leaving lots of money, less people
Fall of Constantinople
Gold

43
Q

Religious reasons for european exploration

A

Crusades and reconquista
evangelism

44
Q

Renaissance spirit

A

competition among crowns
(like space race)

45
Q

Global Contact and trade

A

Intellectual/tech progress

46
Q

Caravel

A

Small spanish or portuguese sailing ship
first to use lateen sails:
allows them to go greater distances
could handle cross winds

47
Q

Ptolemy’s Geography

A

most accurate atlas than maps of that time
made 1500 years before Columbus

48
Q

Magnetic compass

A

allows you to know your direction at all times

49
Q

Astrolabe

A

Allows you to know your latitude and longitude at all times

50
Q

Iberian Exploration: Portugal

A

Henry the navigator’ (1394-1460)
- very rich
- sponsors lots of exploration
- makes Portugal rich and important from money brought in from
exploration

51
Q

Iberian Exploration: Brazil

A

sugarcane was found by Portuguese and made tons of money.

52
Q

Iberian Exploration: Spain

A

Columbus (1492)
Cortes (mexico - 1519)
Pizarro (peru - 1532)
Ferdinand Magellan (1519)

53
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

1494 - debate between who gets America
Spain and Portugal go to Pope over the issue
Pope splits the territories in half for Spain and Portugal

54
Q

Portuguese and Spanish Assimilation

A

encomienda system:
- tributary payments
- Lord of the land exploited native people for labor
- spanish built churches
- forced slave/tributary system

55
Q

Mita

A

forced-labor draft imposed by the Spaniards on the indigenous inhabitants of Peru

56
Q

Mestizo Population

A

Spanish and Portuguese people have children with native people to assimilate people by making them mixed

57
Q

Valladolid Debate

A

man arrives as one of first european settlers in america.
opposes the encomienda system

gives up his slaves and advocates before king charles V and advocates for native’s rights

believed natives needed to be educated and nurtured
said african slaves should do slave labor and natives shouldn’t be slaves.

58
Q

Black legend

A

spanish take on a reputation for being cruel

other european countries claim their mistreatment of natives is okay because it’s not as bad as the Spanish treatment

59
Q

Territories

A

new spain - mexico city
peru
new granada - columbia
la plata - argentina

60
Q

The columbian Exchange

A

sugar and the transatlantic slave trade
1525 - first slave trade
Slaves went to west Indies - southern america (under florida)

61
Q

Middle Passage

A

slave route from africa to the americas

World Civ (16 decks)

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