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World Civ > Unit 3 Notes: Rome > Flashcards

Unit 3 Notes: Rome Flashcards

1
Q

Romulus and Remus

A

Legend

Twins, born of a she-wolf.

Created Rome

Romulus killed Remus.

Believe they are part God/divine.

Born of Aeneas (God of War)

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2
Q

Etruscans

A

From first civilization in Italy.

Similar culture to egyptians.

Focussed on death and afterlife

Developed structured monarchy.

Had 12 city-states that were independent but worked together.

War-like people

Ruled over Latins

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3
Q

7 legendary Kings

A

Roman society emerged between 753-509 BCE

Romulus - Mythical God of Rome. Started Senate and Assembly.

Tarquinius Superbus - Last legendary King. Harsh ruler.
Oppressed his people
His rule lead to the overthrow of the monarchy and Rome became a Republic.

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4
Q

Laws of the twelve tables

A

Roman republic Constitution.
Governing documents

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5
Q

The republic in Crisis

A

Massive wealth inequality - power falls into the hands of few people

Gracchus brothers - Patricians. Part of the tribunal assembly. Wanted to help the plebians own land. Assembly assassinates both brothers for trying to bring equality between social classes.

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6
Q

Marius

A

General
known for defeating forces coming into the north.
given control over roman forces in Asia.
Sets up election to win control over Asain troops.
Marius is forced to retreat and gets sick and dies while fighting Sulla

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7
Q

Sulla

A

General
Known for conquests to get more land.
Brought back people that were exiled.
Divided military loyalties - People start being loyal to a leader and not the state. Won’t give power to Marius, so he attacks Rome.
Kills all of Marius’ soldiers. Becomes lifelong leader

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8
Q

2 classes

A

Patricians = wealthy landowners

Plebians = working class. poor commoners

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9
Q

Senate

A

former magistrates were chosen by the people.
top 2% income earners.
controlled taxation.
directed foreign affairs
veto power over the assembly
most powerful governing group

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10
Q

Centuriate Assembly

A

Made of soldiers
votes on bills presented to them

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11
Q

Tribunal assembly

A

Assembly for plebians.

voted on rights and laws for plebians.

gained more power and were eventually able to vote on patrician laws too.

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12
Q

Rome Conquers Italy

A

265 BCE
Three Categories of people :
Citizens: all rights

latins: all rights but couldn’t vote

allies: (any conquered peopl) couldn’t vote and didn’t have same rights as citizens.

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13
Q

Consul

A

Head of the government
Two of them
One year terms
Had veto power
Became members of senate or military generals after their Consul term

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14
Q

Family Life

A

Paterfamilias: The father was in charge of the family.

Women in charge of caring for children

Fathers would be killed by sons so they could be in control.

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15
Q

Cult of the Dead

A

Like ‘The Day of the Dead’
Celebrated their dead family members

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16
Q

Slaves

A

Did most of the work in Rome.
Did work so upper class could participate in politics

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17
Q

Social Life

A

Baths: Wealthy men would go to the communal baths to talk politics and make business deals.

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18
Q

Bread and Circuses

A

To keep people happy keep them fed and entertained

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19
Q

Roman entertainment

A

Gladiator games

Rich and famous fighters were managed by ‘lanistas’

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20
Q

Collesseum

A

Where gladiator games took place along with other entertainment

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21
Q

Urban problems

A

fires, sanitation, crime increases when they expand too fast.
Start building with stone to prevent fire destroying Rome.

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22
Q

Religion

A

Religious blending occurs.
Isis, Apollo, Mithras become prominent Gods

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23
Q

Military service

A

offered as a path to citizenship

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24
Q

Aqueducts

A

Moved water throughout the city

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25
Q

Concrete

A

Invented concrete to start building with.
started building arches

26
Q

Literature

A

Virgil - Big writer and and philosopher of the time

27
Q

1st Triumvirate

A

59 BCE
Pact between Caesar, Crassus and Pompey to protect each other

28
Q

2nd Triumvirate

A

‘The Lex Titia’
The formal document to divide the empire between three men - Marc Antony, Octavian, Lepidus

29
Q

Crassus

A

Very wealthy
Bought people’s land after it burned down
killed by parthians

30
Q

Pompey

A

Consul of Spain
well connected
friends with egyptians and Cleopatria
Married Caesar’s daughter
decapitated by Tallame

31
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Killed Democracy
Made himself dictator for life
A populist
extends citizenship beyond Rome. To Latins and Italians
Launches public service projects
Creates a lot of Jobs
Helped with land reform
Loved by the people
diminishes Senate’s power.

32
Q

2nd war of the Republic

A

Crossing the Rubicon-
Caesar doesn’t go back to Rome when told to by the Republic.
Commits treason by crossing the Rubicon river.
Destroy’s Pompey’s army and takes his money

33
Q

Cleopatra

A

Has affair with Caesar and has his child

Has affair with Mark Antony after Caesar dies

Assassinated March 15, 44 BC.

34
Q

Octavian (Augustus)

A

Caesar’s Nephew
Young Politician
Heir to caesar’s wealth
declares war on Cleopatra to get rid of Anotony
first official emperor of Rome

35
Q

Rise of the Empire

A

Senate looses power
Pax Romana - Roman peace
Height of Rome

36
Q

3rd war of the republic

A

Antony goes to egypt
Battle of Actium - naval battle:
Antony’s army’s destroyed
antony kills himself in egypt
Cleopatra remains pharaoh of Egypt

37
Q

Marc Antony

A

Caesar’s best friend
Turns people against Cassius and Brutus
married Octavian’s sister
Had affair with Cleopatra
wanted to take over Egypt

38
Q

The rise and spread of Christianity

A

Roman tolerance of all religions, but must worship Roman Gods too.
Judea conquered 63, BC
Orthopraxy - Jews don’t have to worship Roman Gods

39
Q

The Diaspora

A

66 AD
The division between the Jews and Romans
Many Jews wanted to revolt
Diaspora - Jewish uprising that Romans ended.
Romans destroy Jewish Temples, wailing walls and attack
Jews scatter across the mediterranean
Judaism is maintained in small communities

40
Q

Jesus/Messiah

A

Jesus of Nazareth
carpenter
preached message of salvation
empowered the weak
taught people to have a personal relationship with God.

41
Q

Birth of Christianity

A

Roman persecution because:
rejection of Roman Gods
supremacy of God’s law
Christians became scapegoats and martyrs

42
Q

Paul

A

Spreads christianity over the world after Christ’s death

43
Q

Constantine

A

Wins wars and gives glory to God.
First Christian Emperor
Spreads Christianity
Edict of Milan, 313 AD.
- Grants religious freedom to all

44
Q

Council of Nicea

A

325 AD
People come together to agree on what Christian beliefs actually are.

45
Q

Theodosius

A

Last Roman Emperor before Rome splits
Spreads Christianity.
Christianity becomes main religion

46
Q

Diocletian

A

Split the Roman Empire
Fixed prices to slow inflation
Last persecutor of Christians
Lack of social movement
Wipes out the middle class
Causes class conflict
Abandons the empire when things go wrong.

47
Q

Constantinople

A

Created by Constantine
Makes Constantinople the Roman capital
Can’t stop Roman decline

48
Q

Germanic Invasion

A

The germanic tribes invade while the Romans are busy fighting off the Huns. They take over and destroy Rome

49
Q

The Huns

A

Eastern/Asian group that attacks and conquers lands all through out europe.
first group to fight on horseback
invented long range bows
became an empire

50
Q

Atilla

A

Leader of the Huns
dies before his conquest is over

51
Q

Causes of the fall of Rome

A

Inflation
Soil erosion
Epidemics
Large amount of people died
from malaria.
Weakened legions - mercenaries
Loss of civic virtue and loyalty
Poor leadership
High crime
Sanitation issues

52
Q

Fall of Rome

A

476 AD
Germanian Invasion is a success
Eastern empire (Byzantium) survives until 1300s

53
Q

External Roman Problems

A

Piracy
Germanic tribe
Huns invade Rome
Brings new technologies such as
long range bows
The Huns/Attila
The pope makes a peace treaty
with the Huns.
350 AD.
The Huns push everyone in the east, to the west.

54
Q

1st Punic War

A

264 BCE

1st of three wars between Rome and Carthage.

Rome wanted to expand into Sicily which was controlled by Carthage.

There was a naval battle where Rome won and Carthage had to pay for war damages

55
Q

2nd Punic War

A

218 BCE

Hannibal wanted to go to war with Rome.

Carthage lost the war and ended up losing control of spain and had to pay silver to Rome.

56
Q

3rd Punic War

A

Carthage bothered Rome and Rome decided it was best to destroy them

Carthage was destroyed in 149 BCE

57
Q

Hannibal

A

Carthaginian general that lead the armies during the punic wars.

58
Q

Battle of Zama

A

last battle of the 2nd Punic war
Rome won and severely weakened Carthage

59
Q

Scipio Africanis

A

Roman general that lead Rome to victory during the 2nd Punic war

60
Q

1st war on the Republic

A

War between Sulla and Marius over the power of Consul

both generals split the citizens loyalty.

Sulla won and made himself dictator

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