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World Civ > Unit 1 Notes > Flashcards

Unit 1 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

History

A

The study and interpretation of the past

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2
Q

Two sources

A

Primary and secondary

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3
Q

Primary source

A

1st person account

ex: journal

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4
Q

Secondary source

A

Someone else wrote it.

ex: textbook

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5
Q

Historiography

A

The critical analysis of the existing body of historical work.

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6
Q

Historiography questions

A 
Who writes history?
What agenda in mind?
Towards what ends?
Who's perspective? 
Why do they look at it like that?
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7
Q

Historical approach

A

Source: Who wrote it? When? Why?
Contextualize: What relevant circumstances need to be considered at the time this was written?
Close read: Analyze claims, evidence, rhetoric
Corroborate: Do accounts of the same event match?

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8
Q

Prehistory

A

Time before writing. Periodization by technology.

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9
Q

Paleontology

A

Study of fossils

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10
Q

Anthropology

A

Study of culture

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11
Q

Archeology

A

study of artifacts

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12
Q

Geography

A

Study of physical features of the earth and its atmospheres

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13
Q

What started agriculture

A

Tigris and euphrates rivers, scarce resources, few natural barriers

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14
Q

Method of expansion

A

City-states emerge

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15
Q

Urak

A

first city-state

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16
Q

Sargon of Akkad

A

first person to build a standing army

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17
Q

Artifacts

A

Tools and items that were used in the past

ex: plates, pots

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18
Q

Five features of civilation

A 
advanced cities
complex institutions
job specialization/social class
advanced technology
record keeping
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19
Q

Government and society

A

Kings, nobles, priests ruled

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20
Q

Ziggurat

A

political center, economic center

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21
Q

Cuneiform

A

Persians used pictographs that represented tangible things. Kept records. They started mathematics. Numbers were based on units of 6, 10, and 60.

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22
Q

epic poems

A

stories used to share a message

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23
Q

hammurabi

A

King. United mesopotamias nations under Babylonian empire.

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24
Q

Hammurabi’s code

A

first laws written down. Eye for an eye. Unifies expanding empire. Protects people from each other. 282 lawas

25
Q

what is a pharaoh

A

God-like king at the top of the social class who was the focus of the state

26
Q

Polytheism

A

the belief in multiple Gods. People existed to serve the Gods.

27
Q

Monotheism

A

The belief in one God

28
Q

Book of the dead

A

Egyptian book that guided people through the afterlife to heaven

29
Q

Hieroglyphs

A

pictographs. Egyptian language

30
Q

Raw

A

Sun God of Egypt. Main God.

31
Q

Osiris

A

Lord of rebirth and the underworld. Dies every year and weighs people soul

32
Q

Isis

A

Goddess of fertility. Mother of Horus, wife of Osiris

33
Q

Set

A

Brother Osiris. God of desert and chaos

34
Q

Horus

A

Lord of the sky and Civilization

35
Q

Theocracy

A

When your religious leader is also your political leader

36
Q

Ma’at

A

Truth, order and power. The Pharaoh’s job is to keep Ma’at

37
Q

Egyptian afterlife

A

Very important to their culture. Mummification helped you to get to the underworld

38
Q

Phoenicians

A 
1100 - 700 BCE
Mediterranean merchant empire
first alphabet
empire based on trade
referred to as 'purple people' because of dyed textiles
39
Q

Egyptian expansion

A

New Kingdom is formed. Lead by Ramses the Great. Kyksos brings bronze tech. Imperialism and wealth

40
Q

Treaty of Kadesh

A

Ramses the Great signs the first international peace treaty

41
Q

Hebrews

A

Monotheistic
Uses the Torah (bible)
Small kingdom in Isreal 1025 BCE (Jerusalem)
Babylonian Captivity 587 BCE

42
Q

Assyria

A 
900-612 BCE 
Developed method of Conquest
new siege techniques
iron weapons
torture, slaughter deportation
43
Q

Assyrian government and society

A

Military dicatorship
Cities:
Ashur - capital
Nineveh

44
Q

Egyptian time periods

A 
Old kingdom (pyramids built) 3100-2188 BCE
Middle Kingdom - Hyksos migration 2188 - 2055 BCE
New Kingdom - Biblical times
45
Q

Henotheistic

A

Believing in multiple Gods, but only worshipping one.

46
Q

Hittites

A

Established kingdom in Kussara. Set up in Asia.

47
Q

Yahweh

A

Hebrew name of God. God of the isrealites. Jews used it. Too sacred to say.

48
Q

Ashur

A

Assyrian God

49
Q

Persian Empire

A

550-330 BCE

50
Q

Library at Nineveh

A

10,000 clay tablets about military and mesapotamian history. How we know about mesopotamia.

51
Q

Cyrus the Great

A

Founder of Syria. Conquered many places. Was nice to the conquered lands. Conquered Babylon. Most powerful and largest empire at the time.

52
Q

Darius I

A 
Cyrus' successor. 
Conquers Asia Minor. 
Divides empire into Satrapies
Unified Syrian currency
Tolerant of everyone's cultures
53
Q

Royal Road

A

One big road through Syria.
Unites all the Satrapies.
Started by Darius I.

54
Q

Satrap

A

Provinces/states

55
Q

Zoroastrianism

A

One of the oldest religions
persians made it popular around 550 BCE
First to believe in a ‘good God’ and the devil

56
Q

Avesta

A

Zoroastrian God.

Main Persian God.

57
Q

Judea

A

Present Day middle east
Where Jews/hebrews lived
Known for their very different religious beliefs (monotheistic)

58
Q

Epic of Gilgamesh Summary

A

Gilgamesh and Enkidu go on dangerous journeys. Gilgamesh searches for immortality after Enkidu dies. The Gods refuse but instead makes his legacy immortal, not his real body.

59
Q

When was the first Cities built?

A

3800 BCE in Sumer

World Civ (16 decks)

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