Unit 6: Meiosis

Question 1

What does DNA mean?

Answer 1

double stranded molecule composed of repeating nucleotides that contain genetic material.

Question 2

What is Chromatin?

Answer 2

relaxed, unwound DNA. Found kinda like noodles.

Question 3

What is Chromosome?

Answer 3

tightly wound and condensed DNA that is ONLY found right before a cell divides. This condensed structure allows for organized, precise cell division.

Question 4

What is a sister chromatid?

Answer 4

Each half of a replicated chromosome.

Question 5

What two type of cells do we have in our body?

Answer 5

Somatic Cells and Gametes

Question 6

What are somatic cells?

Answer 6

they are body cells and are diploid.

Question 7

What are gametes?

Answer 7

They are sex cells and are haploid.

Question 8

What are diploid (2n) ?

Answer 8

Two full sets of DNA, one from mom and one from dad

Question 9

What does the “n” mean?

Answer 9

the sets of chromosomes

Question 10

How many chromosomes are in a human somatic cell?

Answer 10

46
So, 2n=46

Question 11

What are haploid?

Answer 11

Only one full set of DNA. Is a combo of genes from gamete maker. (So mixed up genes from one parents 2 full sets, STILL ONLY ONE SET)

Question 12

What are egg cell chromosomes made out of?

Answer 12

mixture of the mom’s genes from her 2 full sets

Question 13

What are sperm cell chromosomes made out of?

Answer 13

mixture of the dad’s genes from his 2 full sets

Question 14

How much chromosomes does each egg or sperm cell have?

Answer 14

23
n=23

Question 15

What are the type of chromosomes in our cells?

Answer 15

Autosomes and Sex chromosomes

Question 16

What are autosomes?

Answer 16

chromosomes that carry traits that make you who you are. (the first 22 pairs of chromosomes)

Question 17

What are sex chromosomes?

Answer 17

Carry traits that make you who you are AND determine your biological sex. (ONLY found in 23rd pair known as X or Y)

Question 18

What karyotype determines if you are female? What about male?

Answer 18

XX = female
XY = male

Question 19

What is a karyotype?

Answer 19

Each pair of chromosome sets.

Question 20

What is meiosis?

Answer 20

the process of cell division that makes gametes.

Question 21

Where does meiosis take place?

Answer 21

In the gonads like ovaries in females and testes in males.

Question 22

What is the goal of meiosis?

Answer 22

To produce haploid sex cells with HALF the number of chromosomes as diploid body cells.

Question 23

Why is meiosis so important?

Answer 23

Sexual reproduction wouldn’t occur because it needs to produce 2n. Without it, it would reproduce DOUBLE the DNA, so no baby, sorry.

Question 24

What is mitosis?

Answer 24

cell division that takes place to create 2 idenitical diploid daughter cells, helps with blood cells etc.

Question 25

What is a centriole/centrosome?

Answer 25

Two centrioles make up the centrosome.Centrosomes are the structure in the cell that spindle microtubules grow from.

Question 26

What is a centromere?

Answer 26

region where two sister chromatids are joined after a
chromosome replicates

Question 27

What is a spindle appartus?

Answer 27

microtubules that grow from the
centrosome, attach to chromosome centromeres, and move chromosomes around

Question 28

What are microtubles?

Answer 28

microfilaments that elongate during cell division only to attach to chromosomes and move them around