Unit 5: Mutation Flashcards
What is a mutation?
any random change in a sequence of DNA nucleotides.
What are the three causes of mutations?
Errors in DNA replication or any other process, Chemical damage in DNA, Radition exposure (Sun and Gamma Radition too)
What are the two types of mutations?
Gene Mutations, Chromosonal Mutations
What is gene mutations?
produce change in DNA in a SINGLE GENE.
What is Chromosonal Mutations?
produces a change in a WHOLE chromosome
What are the three types of gene mutations?
Base Substitution, Insertion, and Deletion
What is base subsition?
one singe base is swapped out for another base
What is Insertion?
a nucleotide base is added and causes a frameshift →
What is Deletion?
a nucleotide base is removed and causes a frameshift ←
What are the three type of base mutations?
Silent, Missense, and Nonsense
What is a silent mutation?
When base substitution occurs and still results in the correct amino acid.
What is a missense mutation?
When a base substitution occurs and it codes for a different amino acid
What are the two types of missene?
Conservative and Non-conservative
What is Conservative? (missense)
When it codes for a different amino acid, but still is similar enough to function.
What is Non-Conservative? (missense)
When it codes for a different amino acid, but it is VERY different, so it can be very bad for the protein and result in mutated function.
