Mitosis Cell Cycle Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

As soon as a egg cell and sperm cell fuse, all cell division that allows that organism to grow and develop is what?

A

mitosis

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2
Q

When a cell divides it allows living organisms to do what?

A

repair damaged cells and grow!

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3
Q

Eurkaryotic cells that DO divide will undergo an organized sequence of events known as what?

A

cell cycle (mitosis)

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4
Q

Before cell division, mitosis, what occurs?

A

CELL REPLICATES all of its chromosomes! –> S-phase yk

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5
Q

What is made up of a chromsome? Parts of it?

A

Two identical SISTER CHROMATIDS that are connected in the middle by a CENTROMERE.

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6
Q

What is the first phase of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase

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7
Q

What phase does most of a cell’s time (90%) is spent in?

A

interphase

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8
Q

What are the three subphases of interphase?

A

G1, S, and G2.

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9
Q

What is G1?

A

where the cell carries out metabolic processes, grows, normal functions, etc.

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10
Q

What is S phase?

A

when the DNA replication occurs.

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11
Q

What is G2 phase?

A

cell prepares to divide

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12
Q

What is mitosis?

A

When the nucleus and replicated chromsomes divide and are evenly distributed to form two “daughter” nuclei

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13
Q

What are four main phases of mitosis?

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

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14
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm is finally divided and results in two identical diploid daughter cells

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15
Q

How many chromosomes are in humans?

A

a cell has a nucleus with 46 chromosomes (23 pairs!!)

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16
Q

What are the three cell cycle checkpoints?

A

G1, S or G2, and Mitosis Checkpoint

17
Q

What is the G1 checkpoint?

A

before DNA is replicated, cell checks growth, checks size, nutrients, and DNA damage.

18
Q

What G2 or S checkpoint?

A

checks cell size and if DNA replication was done properly

19
Q

What is Mitosis Checkpoint?

A

cell checks to make sure chromosomes are ALIGNED correctly along the equator and that SPINDLES are attached.