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Science 7 - McQuaid > Unit 4, Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Unit 4, Quiz 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cells need to reproduce or divide so that organisms can _______ and __________ damaged cells.

A
  1. Grow
  2. Repair
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2
Q

Most of a cell’s life is spent during a period of growth and development. What is this stage called?

A

Interphase

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3
Q

Directions: Is the following statement true or false?

Interphase is technically a stage of mitosis.

A

False. Interphase is like the preperation for mitosis. This is the period where chromosomes duplicate themselves. It’s not an active phase of cell division.

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4
Q

Give two examples of cells that are permanently stuck in interphase.

A
  1. Nerve cells
  2. Muscle cells
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5
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is the process in which a eukaryotic cell splits into two new daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

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6
Q

How many chromosomes is a healthy human supposed to have?

A

46

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7
Q

Name the six stages of mitosis in order.

A
  1. Interphase (technically not a part of mitosis)
  2. Prophase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
  6. Cytokinesis
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8
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

The process in which one parent creates two identical offspring

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9
Q

Directions: After being provided the definition, name the term to the best of your ability.

When a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting off of the parent.

A

This is referring to simple mitosis, in the context of vegetative propagation.

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10
Q

What organisms use simple mitosis (vegetative propagation)?

A

Both potatoes and strawberries can reproduce through vegetative propagation, which involves simple mitosis.

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11
Q

What is binary fission?
What is an example of an organism that uses it?

A
  1. Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction where DNA is duplicated and the cell grows bigger and splits
  2. Bacteria
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12
Q

Directions: True or False? If false, correct the statement.

Binary fission only occurs in single-celled organisms (prokaryotic).

A

True

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13
Q

What is budding?
What are examples of animals that use this?

A
  1. Budding is when the parent grows a mini-version of itself that eventually breaks off to form a new organism.
  2. Some organisms that use this are hydra and jelly fish.
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14
Q

If an organism can make new cells, tissues, or organs after injury, what is this process called?

A

Regeneration

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15
Q

Directions: True or False? If false, correct the statement.

Regeneration is a form of asexual reproduction that starfish, worms, lizards, and the human liver use.

A

True

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16
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

The process in which sex cells from 2 parents create similar offspring

17
Q

Gametes are another name for what?

A

Sex cells

18
Q

Directions: Fill in the blanks to the best of your ability.

Sperm is made by males in the _________. They are very _________, have a head, __________, and __________________.

A
  1. Testicles
  2. Small
  3. Neck
  4. Flagellum
19
Q

Directions: Fill in the blanks to the best of your ability.

Eggs are made by ____________ in the ___________. They are relatively __________ compared to sperm, and they contain ________.

A
  1. Females
  2. Ovaries
  3. Large
  4. Food
20
Q

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do human body cells have?

A

23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, or 46 altogether

21
Q

When sperm (XY) and an egg (XX) fuse together (fertilization), what new organism is created?

A

Zygote

22
Q

Directions: True or False? If false, correct the statement.

All sperm created are XY.

A

False. 50 percent of sperm are XY, and the other half is XX.

23
Q

If an XX sperm fuses with an egg, is a boy or girl going to be birthed?

A

Girl (female)

24
Q

Directions: Fill in the blanks to the best of your ability.

In meiosis, a sex cell splits (or divides) _____ times, creating _______ new daughter cells, each having _________ the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

A
  1. Two
  2. Four
  3. Half
25
Q

Directions: Fill in the blanks to the best of your ability.

In females one ______ and three ______________ are made every time meiosis occurs.

A
  1. Egg
  2. Polar bodies
26
Q

Where are chromosomes found in an organism?

A

Chromosomes are found in the nuclei of every cell.

27
Q

Directions: True or False? If false, correct the statement.

An organism’s genes are found on the chromosomes.

A

True

28
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a segment of DNA; it is a set of instructions for an inherited trait

Think of it like this: DNA is like a big instruction book, and genes are individual chapters in that book.

29
Q

What are the genes responsible for?

A

The production of proteins, and thus, all of the organism’s traits.

30
Q

DNA has the shape of a spiral staircase or a “twisted” ladder. This shape is scientifically called what?

A

A double helix

31
Q

Who discovered the shape of DNA?

A

Watson and Crick. They won a nobel prize for this. Earlier work was conducted by Rosalind Franklin with an X-Ray.

32
Q

DNA is made up of smaller subunits called _____________.

A

Nucleotides

33
Q

Name the three things that each nucleotide in DNA consists of.

A
  1. Phosphate
  2. Sugar
  3. Nitrogen Base
34
Q

Name the four nitrogen bases in DNA.

A
  1. Adenine
  2. Guanine
  3. Cytosine
  4. Thymine
35
Q

Directions: Fill in the blanks to the best of your ability.

The “handrails” of the double helix molecule are made from the __________ and ___________ groups. The “steps” or “rungs” of the double helix molecule are made from the ___________________.

A
  1. Sugars
  2. Phosphate
  3. Nitrogen bases
36
Q

What is Chargaff’s Rule?

A

Chargaff’s Rule is that adenine always matches with thymine, and cytosine always matches with guanine.

37
Q

Directions: True or False? If false, correct the statement.

RNA is the chemical that actually helps the ribosomes make proteins. It is made from a single strand of DNA that has “unzipped” from the double helix shape.

A

True

38
Q

Name two main differences between RNA and DNA.

A
  1. RNA is single-stranded.
  2. RNA does not contain the nitrogen base thymine. Instead, uracil takes its place.

Science 7 - McQuaid (20 decks)

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