Unit 2, Part 2

Question 1

All organisms break down food to use the _________ in it.

Answer 1

Nutrients

Question 2

What is a molecule?

Answer 2

A substance made when two or more atoms chemically combine

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

A compound is a molecule made from different combinations of atoms.

Question 4

Proteins are large molecules made up of smaller molecules called _____ _____.

Answer 4

Amino Acids

Question 5

Proteins are needed to ______ and ______ body structures.

Answer 5

Grow and Repair

Question 6

One special type of protein found in red blood cells is ____________.
It helps the blood to _____ _______.

Answer 6

Hemoglobin, Carry Oxygen

Question 7

What is an enzyme?
What does it do?

Answer 7

1. An enzyme is a special protein in our body.
2. Enzymes speed up or slow down the chemical reactions in our body.

Question 8

What are 6 examples of high protein foods?

Answer 8

1. Chicken
2. Fish
3. Legumes
4. Dairy Products - yogurt, cheese, lowfat milk, etc.
5. Steak
6. Protein Shakes

Question 9

Carbohydrates give us large amounts of ________

Answer 9

Energy

Question 10

True or False? If false, correct the statement.
Carbohydrates contain the elements helium, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer 10

False. The correct answer would be carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 11

What are the four different types of sugars?

Answer 11

1. Glucose
2. Lactose
3. Sucrose
4. Fructose

Question 12

True or False?
Sugars, starches, and fiber are all carbohydrates.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

This question is just a bonus. It will not show up on the test.

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

Answer 13

C6, H12, 06

Question 14

Are simple carbohydrates or complex carbohydrates healthier?

Answer 14

Complex carbohydrates.

Question 15

Name 2 examples of simple carbohydrates.

Hint: Simple carbs are not healthy. Think about sweets.

Answer 15

1. Fruit
2. Candy

Question 16

Name 5 examples of complex carbohydrates.

Answer 16

1. Pasta
2. Rice
3. Bread
4. Crust from pizza
5. Oatmeal

Question 17

What are lipids?

Answer 17

1. Lipids are compounds that cannot mix with water (fats).

Question 18

What is a phosolipid?

Answer 18

1. Phosolipids are molecules that make up our cell membranes

Question 19

True or False?
A cell membrane is a structure that surrounds every cell.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The ________ of the phosolipid is attracted to water but the _____ is not.

Answer 20

1. Head
2. Tail

Question 21

What are fats and oils?

Answer 21

1. Stored Energy

Question 22

When an organism has used up all the energy from ____________, it gets its energy from stored ____.

Answer 22

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fat

Question 23

True or False?
At room temperature, oils are solid, and fats are liquid.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Where do oils come from?
What are some examples of them?

Answer 24

1. Oils come from plants
2. Vegetable oil, corn oil, avocado oil

Question 25

Where do fats come from?
What are some examples of them?

Answer 25

1. Fats come from animals
2. Lard, butter

Question 26

What makes animal fat so unhealthy?

Answer 26

1. Cholesterial

Question 27

ATP is a major _______ ________ _______ in the cell.

Answer 27

Energy Carrying Molecule

Question 28

True or False?
Energy in carbohydrates and lipids must be transferred to ATP, which then provides fuel for cellular activities.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Nucleic Acids are the ____ ____ of life because they have all the information needed for a cell to make ________

Answer 29

Blue prints, proteins

Question 30

Nucleic Acids are made up of smaller molecules. What are they called?

Answer 30

Nucleotides

Question 31

RNA and DNA are both ______ ___.
What does the R in RNA stand for?
What does the D in DNA stand for

Answer 31

1. Nucleic Acids
2. Ribose
3. Deoxyribose

Question 32

What was the theory of spontaneous generation?
What were some examples of it?

Answer 32

1. Spontaneous generation was a theory that living things came from non-living things.
2. They thought frogs came from mud, mice came from grain, and maggots came from rotting meat.

Question 33

What is Biogenesis?

Answer 33

1. Biogenesis is a theory that living things can only come from other living things.

Question 34

What experiment did Francesco Redi do to disprove the theory of Spontaneous Generation?
What year did it occur?

Answer 34

1. Francesco Redi’s experiment involved three jars. In the jar that was open, flies were attracted, resulting in them to lay eggs on the meat (maggots). The jar covered with a screen did not allow the flies to touch the meat, so they died on the screen. The sealed jar remained free of maggots aswell.
2. 1600’s

Question 35

What experiment did Lazzaro Spallanzani do in the 1700’s?

Answer 35

1. Lazzaro conducted an experiment involving contaminated broth. He boiled broth in flasks, sealed some of them, and left others open. Then, he heated the sealed flasks to make sure anything from the air wouldn’t be a problem. The result of his work showed that the sealed flasks remained free of microorganisms, while the open ones had many.

Question 36

Other than proving against the theory of Spontaneous Generation, what did Louis Pasteur do?

Answer 36

He developed pasteurization (filtering juice or milk to remove bad bacteria).

Question 37

What experiment did Louis Pasteur do?
What year did it occur?

Answer 37

1. Louis Pasteur did an experiment that involved three groups. Every group had a flask that contained beef broth with an S - shaped neck. For the first group, Louis applied heat, let the flask sit, and no bacteria was present. For the second group, Louis applied heat, removed the neck of the flask, and bacteria was present. For the last group, Louis applied heat, corked the flask and let it sit, then he also found out that bacteria was not present.
2. 1800’s