Unit 4, Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The _______________ controls what moves into and out of the cell. This is called _____________________.

A
  1. Cell membrane
  2. Semi-permeable
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2
Q

What substances can easily move in and out of the cell membrane when needed?

A
  1. Water
  2. Oxygen
  3. Carbon Dioxide
  4. Minerals
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3
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Passive transport is the movement of materials across the cell membrane without the help of energy

Hint: Going down a hill

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4
Q

Diffusion and osmosis are both examples of what?

A

Passive transport

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5
Q

Diffusion is the ____________ of molecules from a _____ concentration to a ____ concentration.

A
  1. Movement
  2. High
  3. Low
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6
Q

Diffusion occurs in both ____________ and ______________.

A
  1. Plants
  2. Animals
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7
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

Equilibrium is when particles are balanced, or evenly spread out

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8
Q

Do our body processes work better at cold or warm temperatures?

A

Warm

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9
Q

What is the exact temperature that is ideal for our body?

A

98.6 degrees fahrenheit

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10
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

Hint: Facilitate means to help or assist.

A

Facilitated diffusion is when charged particles or larger molecules, such as glucose, move through tranport proteins (protein channels) passively

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11
Q

Osmosis is the __________ of ____________ through a membrane.

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Water
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12
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement.

Water molecules only move from a high concentration to a low concentration.

A

True

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13
Q

Why will a fresh vegetable become rubbery when placed in salt water overnight?

A

When you put fresh vegetables in salt water, water moves out of the vegetable cells into the saltwater, causing the cells to shrink and the vegetable to become rubbery. This is an example of osmosis and equilibrium.

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14
Q

What is active transport?

A

Active transport is when materials move across the cell membrane with the help of energy

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15
Q

There are pumps in the cell membrane that allow for active transport. What is an example of one?

A

The Sodium-Potassium pump

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16
Q

Exocytosis and endocytosis are both examples of what?

A

Active transport

17
Q

Directions: Identify the name of the process being described below.

Very large materials, like proteins and bacteria, enter the cell by pushing their way through the cell membrane; some cells can also “engulf” such materials, like white blood cells.

A

Endocytosis

18
Q

What is the organelle that has the biggest job in exocytosis?

A

The Golgi complex

19
Q

Directions: Fill in the blanks to the best of your ability.

During exocytosis, very ____________ packaged materials, like _____________ and _____________, leave the cell by fusing with the __________________ and being released outside into the ____________________.

A
  1. Large
  2. Proteins
  3. Vacuoles
  4. Cell membrane
  5. Bloodstream
20
Q

Energy is needed by all organisms to help run their what?

A

Metabolisms

21
Q

What is a metabolism?

A

A metabolism is all of the chemical activities that help enable an organism to stay alive, grow, and reproduce.

22
Q

Directions: Fill in the blanks to the best of your ability.

Energy is stored in the ________ that we eat. Energy is released when the ________________ are broken in food we eat.

A
  1. Food
  2. Chemical bonds
23
Q

True or False? If false, correct the statement.

Producers are organisms that are able to make their own food (by using sunlight). Some examples of them are humans, tigers, and mice.

A

False. Producers are organisms that are able to make their own food (by using sunlight). Some examples of them are trees, sunflowers, and strawberries.

24
Q

What are consumers? What are some examples of them?

A

Consumers are organisms that receive their energy by eating producers and/or other consumers. Some examples of them are humans, tigers, or mice.

25
Q

What are decomposers? What are some examples of them?

A

Decomposers are organisms that receive their energy from decaying materials; they also recycle nutrients. Some examples of them are mushrooms and bacteria.

26
Q

The process that producers use to change light energy into chemical energy is called what?

A

Photosynthesis

27
Q

Directions: Fill in the blanks to the best of your ability.

Cellular Respiration is the process of __________ down food in the cells to release ___________ energy.

A
  1. Breaking
  2. Stored
28
Q

If cellular respiration requires oxygen to occur, what is that called?

A

Aerobic

29
Q

When muscle cells run low on oxygen, what do they go through?

A

Fermentation

30
Q

List four ways fermentation differs from cellular respiraton.

A
  1. Fermentation occurs without oxygen (anaerobic)
  2. It makes only 2 units of ATP energy
  3. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
  4. Produces lactic acid as a waste by product in humans
31
Q

Fermentation is important in providing humans multiple food products. Name three food products that go through fermentation.

A
  1. Bread. When yeast interacts with the sugars in bread dough, fermentation occurs. This process produces carbon dioxide gas, which makes the dough rise.
  2. Beer. Yeast ferments sugars from malted grains, creating alcohol and carbonation.
  3. Wine. In wine, yeast ferments sugars from grapes, leading to the production of alcohol.