Final Exam - Quiz 2

Question 1

Provide the definition of the term:

pedigree

Answer 1

a tool used to help trace the occurrence of traits in a family

Question 2

Fill in the blanks of the pedigree key:

Answer 2

Question 3

What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?

Answer 3

• Phenotype - The way that genes appear in real life (physical appearance)
• Genotype - The letter combination that gives you certain traits, or the appearance of genetics in letters

Phenotype example:
blond hair, freckles, blue eyes

Genotype example:
Ab, XY, or BP

Question 4

Answer the question with the best available option:

In order for a male child to be produced, an egg must be fertilized by a sperm containing what chromosome?
A. X
B. XX
C. Y
D. XY

Answer 4

C. Y

An egg already contains an X chromosome, so all it needs is a Y chromosome, not an XY chromosome

Question 5

What is the hidden allele called?

Answer 5

Recessive allele/trait

Question 6

What are sex linked disorders?

Answer 6

Some genes are carried on the sex chromosomes, mainly on the X chromosome. If your X chromosome(s) is/are affected (or contains the “bad” gene), then you have a sex linked disorder.

Question 7

Provide two examples of sex linked diseases.

Answer 7

1. Color-blindness
2. Hemophilia

Question 8

How do you find probability on a Punnett Square?

Answer 8

You divide the number of squares representing the genotype or phenotype of interest by the total number of squares

Question 9

Provide the definition of the term:

vestigial structures

Answer 9

Remnants of once-useful structures

Question 10

Provide three examples of vestigial structures in humans.

Answer 10

1. appendix
2. tonsils
3. wisdom teeth

Question 11

Provide an example of a vestigial structure in whales.

Answer 11

femur

Question 12

Provide the definition of the term:

embryology

Answer 12

The science of comparing the similarities of organisms in the early stages of development

Question 13

What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?

Answer 13

• Homologous structures - same bone structure but different jobs (arm of human + flipper of dolphin)
• Analogous structures - same function but different bones (bird wing + butterfly wing)

Question 14

What two factors provide the basis for genetic variation within a population?

Answer 14

1. Sexual reproduction (variation in genes)
2. Genetic mutations

Question 15

Provide the definition of the term:

inherited variation

Answer 15

differences in traits or characteristics among organisms of the same species

Question 16

Who is the evolution guru?

Answer 16

Charles Darwin

Question 17

What type of rock are most fossils found in?

Answer 17

Sedimentary

Question 18

What is an adaptation and how does it help an organism?

Answer 18

An adaptation is a trait or characteristic that enhances an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its environment

Ex.) webbed feet, camouflage, venom

Question 19

Provide the definition of the term:

evolution

Answer 19

The gradual change in organisms over time (millions of years)

Question 20

Provide the definition of the term:

selective breeding

Answer 20

A process by which humans intentionally breed organisms with desireable traits to produce offspring with those traits

Question 21

Provide the definition of the term:

interbreeding

Answer 21

breeding with an organism that has a similar genetic make-up

If the gray wolf (a subspecies of wolf) came into contact with the North American gray wolf (another subspecies) and successfully reproduced, then they would interbreed and produce hybrid offspring

Question 22

Provide the definition of the term:

speciation

Answer 22

the development of a new species

Question 23

Provide the definition of the term:

mutation

Answer 23

a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene

Question 24

What is the most specific group in the classification system?

Answer 24

species