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Science 7 - McQuaid > Final Exam - Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Final Exam - Quiz 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a scientific name and what are the rules about writing one?

A
  • A scientific name is the formal system of giving species of organisms a name composed of two parts.
  • There are two major rules about scientific names. The genus name is always capitalized, while the species name is not. Additionally, when typed, the entire scientific name should be italicized, and if written, it should be underlined.

Ex.) Canis lupus

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2
Q

Who is the Father of Taxonomy?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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3
Q

What are the eight levels of classification in order from largest to smallest?

A
  1. Domains
  2. Kingdoms
  3. Phyla
  4. Classes
  5. Orders
  6. Families
  7. Genera
  8. Species

Do Kids Prefer Candy Over Fresh Green Salad?

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4
Q

What are the three domains?

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukarya
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5
Q

What are the four kingdoms of the domain Eukarya?

A
  1. Protista
  2. Fungi
  3. Plantae
  4. Animalia
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6
Q

What types of plants are nonvascular?

A
  • Mosses
  • Liverworts
  • Hornworts

(no roots, stems, or leaves)

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7
Q

What is the composition of a virus particle?

A

The center of a virus has nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) and the virus particle is surrounded by a protein coat

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8
Q

What is a whip-like tail called?

A

flagellum

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9
Q

What do scientists believe all plants originated from?

A

green algae

image of green algae in a river in China
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10
Q

What is the difference between plant fertilization and pollination?

A
  • Pollination - Pollen is carried from anther to stigma
  • Fertilization - Sperm fuses with egg in ovule and creates a seed
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11
Q

After being provided the characteristics, name the kingdom:

  • Odd organisms
  • Some make their own food, some hunt, and some absorb it
  • Single celled
A

protist

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12
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Some characteristics of fungi are:
* They absorb food
* They contain ________ (cell wall)

A

chitin

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13
Q

List some characteristics of the plant kingdom.

A
  • Make their own food
  • Cellulose (cell wall)
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14
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Members of the animal kingdom hunt for their food.

A

True

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15
Q

Answer the question with the best available option:

What kingdom contains sense organs?

A. Protista
B. Fungi
C. Plantae
D. Animalia

A

D. Animalia

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16
Q

Fill in the blank:

Animals contain many _____________ systems.

A

specialized

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17
Q

What three environments do archaea like to live in?

A
  1. Salty - Yellow Stone, Dead Sea
  2. Heat - volcano, hot geyser
  3. Methane - swamp, cow intestines
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18
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

through the process of binary fission

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19
Q

What are the cell walls of fungus made of?

A

chitin

pronounced kite-in

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20
Q

What are some examples of fossils?

A
  • Petrified wood
  • Entire organisms preserved in ice, tar, or amber (resin)
  • Molds, casts, or stone imprints
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21
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

endospore

A

a thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions

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22
Q

What is the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs?

A
  • Heterotrophs - consumer (humans)
  • Autotrophs - producers (plants)
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23
Q

What are the three shapes of bacteria?

A
  1. cocci - round
  2. bactilli - rodlike
  3. spirilla - spiral (cork screw)
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24
Q

What are four shapes of viruses?

A
  1. Spherical
  2. Cylinder or rod
  3. Crystal or soccer ball
  4. “Space ship”
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25
Q

Is strep throat caused by a bacteria or virus?

A

bacteria

“Strep” throat is short for streptococcus, which is a name given to bacterial pathogens

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26
Q

What do all of the listen have in common:

  • AIDS
  • measles
  • hepatitis
A

they are all viruses

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27
Q

Who made the first vaccine?

A

Edward Jenner

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28
Q

Answer the question with the best available option:

What is another name for a decomposer?

A. producer
B. gymnosperm
C. angiosperm
D. saprophyte

A

D. saprophyte

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29
Q

What are angiosperms?

A

Plants that make flowers and contain seeds in fruits

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30
Q

Fill in the blanks:

There are _________ and _______ angiosperms.

A

monocot, dicot

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31
Q

Give three examples of angiosperms.

A
  1. tulip
  2. orchid
  3. apple tree
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32
Q

What are gymnosperms?

A

plants that make seeds in cones, and contain needles for leaves

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33
Q

Answer the question with the best available option:

What is the most common type of gymnosperm in this area?

A. ginkgoe
B. cycad
C. conifer
D. all of the above

A

C. conifer

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34
Q

What is the job of the vertebral column?

A

to protect the spinal cord

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35
Q

What are some ways you can prevent the spread of bacteria?

A
  • wash hands with soap and hot water
  • disinfectants
  • antibiotics
  • antiseptics
  • pasteurization
36
Q

What does Staph mean?

A

cluster

37
Q

What does Strepto mean?

A

chain

38
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

when bacteria changes nitrogen into a useable form for plants

39
Q

What are some everyday products that are made with the help of red and brown algae?

A
  • pudding
  • ice cream
  • toothpaste
  • marshmallow

Red and brown algae helps to hold these products together and give them the right consistency

40
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

an aid used to identify organisms - based on a series of questions

A

dichotomous key

41
Q

What is a fossil?

A

a preserved trace of once-living organisms

42
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

C6H12O6 + O2

43
Q

What are three examples of vascular, spore forming plants?

A
  1. Ferns
  2. Horsetails
  3. Club moss
44
Q

Where is pollen made?

A

in the anthers

45
Q

What will the ripened ovary of a plant become?

A

a fruit

46
Q

What is the most general division of a plant?

A

nonvascular v. vascular

47
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Transpiration is when plants release water vapor, it is also their version of sweating (via the stomata).

A

True

48
Q

What are the three main things that plants need to live?

A
  1. oxygen
  2. carbon dioxide
  3. water
49
Q

What layer of this leaf has been removed?

A

Upper epidermis

50
Q
A

Palisade layer

51
Q
A

Spongy layer

52
Q

What are the functions of roots?

A
  • supply plants with water and disolve nutrients
  • hold plants securely in soil
  • store surplus food
53
Q

What are the functions of stems?

A
  • support the plant body
  • transport material between roots and shoots
  • store materials like water
54
Q

What is the main function of a leaf?

A

to make food through the process of photosynthesis

55
Q

What do the guard cells do?

A

they open and close the stoma

56
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

be as specific as possible

A

in the grana of the chloroplasts, which are found in the palisade layer

57
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

in the cristae of the mitochondria

58
Q

What is the formula for cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 + O2 —> CO2 + H2O + ENERGY (ATP)

Every time cellular respiration occurs, 38 units of ATP are created.

59
Q

What do a fern and a daffodil have in common?

A

they are both vascular plants

A fern is a seedless plant, while a daffodil, being a flowering plant, is an angiosperm, so it’s a seed plant. This means that the only category they have in common is that they are both vascular.

60
Q

What is phototropism?

A

when plants respond to light

61
Q

What are ligaments?

A

connective tissues that connects bone to bone

62
Q

Ankle, wrists, and vertebraes are all example of what joint?

A

gliding

63
Q

How many bones are in an adult human?

A

206

64
Q

Answer the question with the best available option:

What is the longest bone in the human body?

A. patella
B. femur
C. fibia
D. cranium

A

B. femur

65
Q

Which joint moves in a rotating cup?

A

ball-and-socket

66
Q

What is the hard, yellowish part of the bone that reduces friction?

A

Cartilage

67
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

The periosteum is a very thin membrane that covers/protects the bone.

A

True

68
Q

The _________ area of the bone is very rigid and dense. It is where the two types of bone ________ are found.

A

compact, marrow

69
Q

Why is the spongy area of the bone important?

A

It gives the bone extra strength by providing it with a bit of flexibility

70
Q

What part of the blood helps to attract and carry oxygen?

A

red blood cells, with the aid of hemoglobin

71
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A
  1. Right atrium
  2. Right ventricle
  3. Left atrium
  4. Left ventricle
72
Q

Where is the pulmonary vein in a heart diagram? What does this vein do?

A

The pulmonary vein is located on the left side of the heart. It returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, so to locate it, you should look for the vessel entering the left atrium.

73
Q

Fill in the blanks:

In Mendelian punnett squares, there are ___________ letters that represent dominant alleles, and ___________ letters that represent recessive alleles.

A

uppercase, lowercase

74
Q

Create a mendelian punnett square, and list the genotypes + phenotypes:

Homo recessive
x
Heterozygous

brown - dominant (A)
green - recessive (a)

A
  • Genotype - half of the offspring will have Aa, while the other half will have aa
  • Phenotype - half of the offspring will have brown eyes, while the other half will have green
75
Q

List two major rules in co-dominance.

A
  1. All letters are capital
  2. Both colors are visible in the phenotype
76
Q

Create a codominance square, and answer the question after:

Heterozygous
x
Homo recessive

What is the chance of having a brown cow?

brown - dominant (B)
white - recessive (W)

A

zero percent chance

77
Q

After being provided the rules, name what the punnett square type is:

  • All letters are capital
  • Mix or blend together to form a new color
A

Incomplete dominance

78
Q

Create an incomplete dominance square, and answer the question after:

Heterozygous
x
Homo dominant

What percentage of offspring have pink?

red - dominant (R)
white - recessive (W)

A

50%

79
Q

What are the rules for sex-linked disorder punnett squares?

A
  • Use X and Y to represent the sex chromosomes
  • If a sex chromosome is damaged, you put a dot above the chromosome, like an exponent
80
Q

Create a sex-linked disorder square, and answer the question after:

Mom is a carrier
x
Dad is unaffected

What’s the chance of males getting the disease?

A

50%

81
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Men cannot carry sex-linked disorders.

A

True

82
Q

FIll in the blank:

There are _______ alleles for blood type, also known as multiple alleles.

A

three

83
Q

Fill in the chart with the correct information.

A
84
Q

Match the correct blood types with the descriptions:

  • Heterozygous A
  • Heterozygous B
  • Homozygous A
  • Homozygous B

word bank: AA, BB, BO, AO

A
  • AO
  • BO
  • AA
  • BB
85
Q

Create a blood type square, and answer the question after:

Homozygous A
x
Heterozygous B

Can you list the phenotypes and genotypes?

A
  • Genotype - 50% AB, 50% AO
  • Phenotype - 50% AB, 50% A

Science 7 - McQuaid (20 decks)

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