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Extremities (2) > Unit 4- Posterior Leg Compartment > Flashcards

Unit 4- Posterior Leg Compartment Flashcards

1
Q

The plantarflexor compartment is 4x (STONGER/WEAKER) than dorsi flexion and has much (SHORTER/LONGER) range of motion

A

Stronger

Longer

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2
Q

Superficial and deep compartments of the plantarflexor compartment is separated by:

A

Transverse muscular septum

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3
Q

The transverse septum extends ____ and forms:

A

Distally

Reinforcing fibers of the flexor retinaculum

Between the medial malleolus and calcaneous

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4
Q

Both compartments in the plantarflexor area are supples by the ____ nerve and ____ ____ vessels

Located where?

A

Tibial

Posterior tibial

Just anterior to the transverse intermuscular septum (in the deep compartment)

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5
Q

Superficial posterior compartment muscles

A

Gastrocnemius

Soles

Plantaris

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6
Q

The superficial post compartment muscles work together to:

A

Elevate the heel

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7
Q

Sup. Post muscles generate _____% of plantarflexion of the ankle joint

A

93

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8
Q

OINA for Gastrocnemius

A

OR: 2 heads
Lateral- Lateral condyle of femur
Medial- Medial condyle of femur

INS: Post calcaneal bone via calcaneal tendon

AC: Plantar flexes foot
Flexes leg

NS: Tibial nerve

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9
Q

2 actions of the gastrocnemius (CAN/CAN NOT) occur in the extreme simultaneously

A

Can not

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10
Q

For gastrocnemius: when knee is flexed, plantarflexion is:

A

Minimized

Vice versa- when plantar flexed, knee flexion is impaired - active insufficiency

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11
Q

Tendinitis of the calcaneal tendon results from:

A

Inflammation often exacerbated by running/walking on uneven surfaces or hills

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12
Q

The repetitive trauma of heel strike can result in:

A

Rupture of the gastrocnemius tendon

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13
Q

OINA for soleus

A

OR: Post head of fibula
Soleal line of tibia

INS: Post calcaneal bone via calcaneal tendon

AC: Plantar flexes foot
Helps maintain posture

NS: Tibial nerve

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14
Q

Soleaus is (ACTIVE/INACTIVE) when standing quietly

A

Active

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15
Q

The soleus contracts ______ and _____ with foot dorsiflexors to maintain balance

A

Cooperatively and antagonistically

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16
Q

Workhorse of plantarflexion

A

Soleus

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17
Q

Is the soleus able to plantarflex when knee is fully extended?

A

Yessss

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18
Q

When the foot is planted, the posterior and inferomedial direction of soleal fibers pulls the leg bones ______;

A

Posteriorly

This counteracts the pull of the center of gravity as it passes anterior to the leg bone axis

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19
Q

The gastrocnemius and soleus form what muscle??

A 
Triceps surae
(3 heads, 1 tendon)
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20
Q

What forms the Achilles’ tendon?

A

The distal insertion of gastrocnemius and soleus forming the calcaneal tendon tat inserts on the calcaneal tuberosity

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21
Q

Achilles’ tendon rupture takes place wher?

A

A couple inches above the joining of the tendon and the calcaneous

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22
Q

What can cause Achilles rupture?

A

When the calf muscle contracts or tightens the calf muscle and suddenly pushes off the foot, such as in basketball, racquet sports or other activities

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23
Q

Symptoms of Achilles rupture

A

Pain
Swelling
Inability to stand on tiptoes

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24
Q

Look at slide 11

Will type up later- its too much right now

A

Slide 11

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25
Q

OINA for plantaris

A

OR: Lateral supracondylar line of femur

INS: calcaneus bone (sometimes fuses with calcaneal tendon)

AC: Plantar flexes foot (weak)
Flexes leg (weak)

NS: Tibial nerve

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26
Q

The ___ nerve and ___ _____ vessels pass deep to the superficial post leg muscles

A

Tibial

Post tibial

27
Q

What muscle is absent in about 10% of individuals?

A

Plantaris

28
Q

The plantaris has a high density of _____ ____ an may simply be a:

A

Proprioceptive

Kinesthetic sensory organ

29
Q

What does the plantaris tendon run between?

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

30
Q

What tendon is often mistaken as a nerve?

A

Plantaris

31
Q

What bursa is between the skin and calcaneal tendon?

A

Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa

32
Q

Where is the deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon located?

A

Between the tendon and calcaneus

33
Q

Deep post compartment muscles

A

Popliteus

Flexor digitorum longus

Flexor hallicus longus

Tibialis posterior

34
Q

OINA for popliteus

A

OR: Lateral condyle of femur
Tendinous attachment to lateral meniscus

INS: post tibia- above soleal line

AC: Minimal flexion of the knee
Medial rotates the leg
May pull lateral meniscus post during knee flexion
Unlocks knee

NS: Tibial nerve

35
Q

What forms the distal part of the floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteus

36
Q

OINA for flexor hallicus longus

A

OR: Inf 2/3rd of post fibula
Inf interosseous membrane

INS: Base of distal phalanx, digit I

AC: Flexes digit I
Plantar flexes foot
Inverts foot

NS: tibial nerve

37
Q

The flexor hallicus longus tendon enters the foot with the tendons of the ____ and ____

It passes post to the ____ ____ to a groove on the _____ _____ and inferior groove on the _______ ____.

A

FDL and TP

Distal tibia

Posterior talus

Talar shelf

38
Q

OINA for flexor digitorum longus

A

OR: Middle portion of post tibia- inf to soleal line
Fascia of tibialis post muscle

INS: Distal phalanges of digits II—V

AC: Flexes digit II-V (grip ground during walking)
Plantar flexes foot
Inverts foot
Helps support longitudinal arches

NS: Tibial nerve

39
Q

Along with FHL and TP tendons, the FDL tendon passes post to the ____ _____ passing deep To the _____ ______.

A

Medial malleolus

Flexor retinaculum

40
Q

The diagonal pull of FDL is reduced by the ____ ____ muscle that is attached to the post aspect of the FDL tendons

A

quadratus plantae

41
Q

OINA for tibialis post

A

OR: Post tibia - below soleal line
Post interosseous membrane

INS: Navicular bone
Cuneiform I
Tendon expands to: Cuneforms II, III and base of metacarpals II, III, IV

AC: plantar flexes foot
inverts foot
Adducts foot
Maintain medial longitudinal arch during weigh bearing

NS: tibial nerve

42
Q

Deep muscles of the ankle

A

Tibial posterior

Flexor digitorum longus

Flexor hallucis longus
(Think Tom Dick and Harry)

Calcaneal tendon

43
Q

post tibial art is a branch of the

A

Popliteal artery

44
Q

Post tibial art passes between what?

A

The deep and superficial post compartments just deep to the transverse IM septum

Also passes post to the medial malleolus

45
Q

The post tibial art divides into :

A

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

46
Q

What does the tibial art run with?

A

The tibial nerve

47
Q

Branches of the post tibial art

A

Fibular
Communicating
Post medial malleolar
Medial calcaneal

48
Q

Branches of the medial calcaneal

A

Medial plantar

Lateral plantar

49
Q

Fibular artery arises at the ________ border of the ____ and _____ arch

A

Inferior

Popliteus and soleus

50
Q

Review slide 23- will add later

A

Slide 23

51
Q

OR of tibial nerve

A

L4-5

S1-3

52
Q

Tibial nerve is the larger of the terminal branches of the:

A

Sciatic nerve

53
Q

The tibial nerve runs through the ____ ____ with the _____ artery and vein.

A

Popliteal fossa

Popliteal

54
Q

The tibial nerve passes between:

And deep to:

A

Heads of gastrocnemius and deep to the tendinous arch of the soleus

55
Q

The tibial nerve supplies:

A

All the muscles of the post compartment

56
Q

Where does the tibial nerve lie?

A

Between the FHL and FDL

57
Q

The tibial nerve is post and inf to the ____ ____

It divides into the:

A

Medial malleolus

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

58
Q

The medial sural cutaneous nerve joins with the:

To form the:

A

Sural communicating branch

Sural nerve

59
Q

What the the sural nerve serve?

A

The skin of the lateral and posterior inf 1/3rd of the leg and lateral foot

60
Q

Tibial articular branches serve the:

A

Knee

61
Q

Medial calcaneal branches serve the:

A

Skin of the heel

62
Q

What does the peroneal retinaculum cover?

A

Structures that poss post to the lateral malleolus

63
Q

What does the flexor retinaculum cover?

A

Structures that pass post to the medial malleolus

64
Q

Look into extensor retinaculum

A

Slide 31

Extremities (2) (28 decks)

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