Exam III DB Flashcards
Drunk female is struck by a pickup; the bumper impacted right on the patella and resulted in a traumatic knee dislocation. Her orthopedic evaluation should address the integrity popliteal fossa structures with special attention to the:
a. Sciatic nerve
b. Popliteal vein
c. Popliteal artery
d. Tibial nerve
C
The fascia lata is attached to:
a. Lateral intermuscular septum
b. Medial intermuscular septum
c. Iliotibial tract
d. All of the above
D
3) Which hamstring muscle provides a protective covering over the sciatic nerve as it descends in the posterior thigh?
a. Semitendinosus
b. Semimembranosus
c. Long head biceps femoris
d. Short head biceps femoris
C
The lower extremity plays an important role in all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Locomotion
b. Maintenance of balance
c. Supporting the body
d. Manipulation
D
5) The triceps coxae includes the following muscles
a. Obturator externus
b. Obturator internus
c. Gemelli superior
d. Gemelli inferior
A
6) Rapidly enlarging mass in the lateral inferior quadrant of the gluteal region. MRI indicates myosarcoma at the insertion of the piriformis. Evidence of nerve compression would likely first appear as:
a. Weakened thigh extension
b. Weakened leg flexion
c. Weakened leg extension
d. Weakened medial thigh rotation
B
7) Male has rapidly enlarging mass in the lateral inferior sacral region. Radiologic analysis including MRI and angiography indicate a pseudoaneurysm of the inferior gluteal artery at the greater sciatic foramen. Evidence of nerve compression would likely first appear as:
a. Weakened thigh medial rotation
b. Weakened leg flexion
c. Weakened trunk extension when the thigh is fixed
d. All of the above
C
7) Male has rapidly enlarging mass in the lateral inferior sacral region. Radiologic analysis including MRI and angiography indicate a pseudoaneurysm of the inferior gluteal artery at the greater sciatic foramen. Evidence of nerve compression would likely first appear as:
a. Weakened thigh medial rotation
b. Weakened leg flexion
c. Weakened trunk extension when the thigh is fixed
d. All of the above
D
The angle of inclination of the femoral head:
a. Increases with age
b. Decreases with age
c. Remains stable unless there is a non-healing fracture
d. Is the same for males and females
B
13) The inferiorly directed structure beginning at “C” (the adductor canal) in the above picture contains:
a. The femoral artery
b. The femoral nerve
c. Both
d. Neither
A
Also includes:
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
(tensor fascia latae) is an antagonist to muscles innervated by the:
a. superior gluteal nerve
b. inferior gluteal nerve
c. anterior rami of L2, 3 & 4
d. femoral nerve
C
What is true about the vastus lateralis?
a. Is a thigh flexor
b. Is a knee flexor
c. Both
d. Neither
D
The iliacus muscle:
a. Forms the medial floor of the femoral triangle
b. Is a weak femur flexor
c. Is innervated by the femoral nerve
d. All of the above
C
Also, is a femur flexor
The vastus lateralis:
a. Is the only quad muscle not innervated by the femoral nerve
b. Arises from the posterior aspect of the femur proximally and distally
c. Has a distal insertion of the fibula
d. Is an antagonist of the vastus intermedius
B
The articular muscle of the knee (articularis genu):
a. Is innervated by the femoral nerve
b. Functions to distract the synovial membrane of the knee to prevent its compression between the femur and patella
c. Is a weak knee extensor
d. All of the above
D
The following regarding the femoral hernias are accurate
a. They occur more often in women than men
b. They’re easily differentiated from inguinal hernias on physical examinations – Spring ’13, Summer ’13 answer
c. They commonly present with intestinal strangulation
d. They consist of a loop of intestine passing inferiorly through the femoral canal
e. They function in stabilizing the pelvis in normal ambulation – Spring ’14 answer
B & E
With respect to the adductor muscles (longus, brevis, magnus):
a. Cutting the obturator nerve completely eliminates thigh adduction
b. They function in stabilizing the pelvis in normal ambulation
c. They are only innervated by the obturator nerve
d. A significant decrease in function must occur before it becomes clinically evident
B & D
The artery to the sciatic nerve is a branch of the:
a. Femoral artery
b. Superior gluteal artery
c. Inferior gluteal artery
d. Obturator artery
C
The following statements regarding the gluteus maximus are accurate EXCEPT:
a. It is the largest muscle in the body
b. It inserts on the iliotibial tract and gluteal tubercle of the femur
c. It plays a major role in hip abduction
d. It is a strong hip extender
e. The superior portion is supplied by the superior gluteal nerve
C & E
With the LE fixed, the gluteus maximus becomes
a. A powerful trunk extender
b. A powerful trunk flexor
c. Unable to function effectively
d. A weak trunk flexor
A
ID the following statement regarding hamstring injuries that is the least accurate:
a. The semitendinosus is most often injured
b. Most injuries occur in the process of decelerating the tibia
c. The risk of hamstring injury increases with age
d. Hamstring strengthening decreases the risk of injury
A
ID the hamstring muscle innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve:
a. Semitendinosus
b. Semimembranosus
c. Biceps femoris
d. All innervated by the tibial division
D
26) ID the hamstring muscle innervated by the fibular division of the sciatic nerve:
a. Semitendinosus
b. Semimembranosus
c. Long head biceps femoris
d. Short head biceps femoris
D
The following statements accurately describe the femoral nerve EXCEPT:
a. The femoral nerve is composed of nerve roots from L2, L3, and L4
b. Passes beneath the inguinal canal medial to the femoral artery
c. Forms the psoas muscle in the abdomen
d. Supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh
B
The obturator nerve
a. Supplies all the muscles that adduct the thigh
b. Is composed of sacral nerve roots
c. Passes through the obturator canal
d. All are correct
C
**Also:
Splits into anterior and posterior branches that surround the adductor brevis
AND
Supplies the muscle of the medial compartment of the thigh**
The perforating arteries of the profunda femoris supply blood to:
a. The anterior compartment of the thigh
b. The medial compartment of the thigh
c. The posterior compartment of the thigh
d. All of the above
D
All the posterior compartment thigh muscles except the short head of the biceps femoris originate from:
a. Inferior pubic ramus
b. Ischial ramus
c. Ischial tuberosity
d. Ischial spine
C
All the posterior compartment thigh muscles have an origin on the:
a. Inferior pubic ramus
b. Ischial ramus
c. Ischial tuberosity
d. Ischial spine
C
All muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh cross 2 joints EXCEPT:
a. Semimembranosus
b. Semitendinosus
c. Long head of the biceps femoris
d. Short head of the biceps femoris
D
The iliopsoas muscle complex is innervated by:
a. The ventral rami of L1-L3
b. The femoral nerve
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
C
The iliopsoas muscle complex:
a. Extends the trunk when the thigh is fixed
b. Is the strongest hip flexor
c. Is innervated solely by the femoral nerve
d. All of the above
B
The anterior thigh muscle that flexes the femur/hip is the
a. Vastus lateralis
b. Rectus femoris
c. Vastus intermedius
d. All of the above
B
The psoas muscle originates from the
a. Iliac fossa
b. TVPS and bodies of L1-L3
c. Medial sacrum
d. PSIS
B
Stab wound to the right inguinal area which completely lacerates the iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve just inferior to the inguinal ligament. The femoral pulse is strong and there is minimal bleeding. You are surprised to find:
a. Absent thigh flexion
b. Slightly weakened thigh adduction
c. Normal thigh extension
d. Absent knee extension
You are not surprised to find
a. Absent thigh flexion
b. Severely weakened thigh flexion
c. Weak knee extension
d. Severely weakened thigh extension
A
B
Jack Bauer is severely injured by the KGB trained Peruvian Ninja assassin. He receives a stab wound to the right inguinal area which completely lacerates the iliopsoas muscle and the femoral nerve just superior to the inguinal ligament. You administer first aid; the femoral pulse is strong and there is minimal bleeding. You are surprised to find:
a. Moderately weakened knee extension (3/5)
b. Moderately weakened thigh flexion (3/5)
c. Normal thigh extension (5/5)
d. Slightly weakened thigh adduction (4+/5)
A
Also, weakened knee extension (severely)
The distal semimembranosus forms the
a. Popliteal fascia
b. Oblique popliteal ligament
c. Insertion on the medial tibial condyle
d. All of the above
D
The rectus femoris originates from the
a. Ilium superior to the acetabulum
b. ASIS
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
A
ALSO: AIIS
The tibial division of the sciatic nerve supplies all of the following muscles EXCEPT:
a. Long head of biceps femoris
b. Hamstring portion of the adductor magnus
c. Semimembranosus
d. All are innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve
D
The tibial division of the sciatic nerve supplies to which of these muscle?
a. Biceps femoris
b. Adductor magnus
c. Semimebranosus
d. All are innervated solely by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve
C
The tibial division of the sciatic nerve is the complete innervation to which of these muscles?
a. Biceps femoris
b. Adductor magnus
c. Semimembranosus
d. All are innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve
C