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Extremities (2) > Unit 3- Gluteal Muscles > Flashcards

Unit 3- Gluteal Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Thigh anterior compartment movement

A

Flex the thigh (femur)- also involved in extending the leg- innervated by femoral nerve

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2
Q

Movement of medial compartment of the thigh

A

Adduct the thigh

Innervated by the obturator nerve

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3
Q

Movement of the post compartment of the thigh

A

Extend the thigh and flex the left

Innervated by the tibial portion of sciatic nerve

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4
Q

Movement of the lateral compartment of the thigh

A

Abduct the thigh
This groups has migrated slightly posteriorly and superiorly to form the gluteal muscles
Location allows them to be major thigh extensors

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5
Q

Hip, sacrum and coccyx are bound together by

A

Dense ligaments

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6
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

Converts the lesser sciatic notch into the lesser sciatic foramen

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7
Q

Sacrospinous ligament

A

Converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen

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8
Q

Foramen in/out of the pelvis

A

Greater sciatic foreamen

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9
Q

Foramen in/out of the perineum

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

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10
Q

Superficial later of gluteal muscles attach to the:

A

Posterolateral surface and margins of the ala of the iliac bone

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11
Q

Superficial layer of glut muscles (4)

A

Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus mediums
Gluteus minimus
Tensor of the fascia lata

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12
Q

Actions of the superficial lateral of the gluteal muscles

A

Extensors, abductors, and rotators

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13
Q

Deep layer of the glu tmuscles attach to

A

To or adjacent to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur

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14
Q

Deep layer glut muscles

A

Piriformis

Obturator internus and externus

Gemelli sup and inf

Quadratus femoris

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15
Q

Action of the deep layers of the glut muscles

A

Stabilize the hip joint and laterally rotate

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16
Q

Largest muscle of the body

A

Gluteus Maximus

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17
Q

OINA for Gluteus Maximus

A

OR: Ilium posterior to the post gluteal line
Dorsal surface of the sacrum
Coccyx
Sacrotuberous ligament

INS: Upper 3/4ths - iliotibial tract (into the lateral condyle of the tibia)
Lower 1/4- on the gluteal tubercle of the femur

NS: Inf gluteal nerve

AC: Extends the thigh (especially when thigh is flexed)
Assists lateral rotation
Extends the trunk when LE is fixed
Stabilized the extended knee
Abducts thigh
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18
Q

Blood supply for glut Maximus

A

Extremely good blood supply from

Sup and inf gluteal artery

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19
Q

Glut max is little involvement when:

But major role in:

A

Walking on a flat surface

Climbing

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20
Q

Glut max fibers run:

A

Inferolaterally at 45 degree to the iliotibial tract

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21
Q

Gluteal bursa (3)

A

Trochanteric bursa

Ischial bursa

Gluten-femoral bursa

22
Q

Trochanteric bursa
Over the:
Present at:

A

Over the greater trochanter

Present at birth

Usually the largest bursa in body

23
Q

Ischial bursa

Located:

A

Between the inferior gluteus max and ischial tuberosity

24
Q

Gluten-femoral bursa location

A

Between the ilitibial tract and proximal attachment of the vastus lateralis

25
Q

OINA for glut mediums

A

OR: External surface of the ilium between the ant and post gluteal lines

INS: Lateral surface of the greater trochanter

NS: Superior gluteal nerve

AC: Chief abductor of the thigh
Weak medial rotation

26
Q

OINA for Glut minimus

A

OR: External surface of the ilium between ant and post gluteal lines

Ins: Anterior surface of the greater trochanter

NS: Superior gluteal nerve

AC: abducts the thigh
Weak medial rotation

27
Q

Glut medius and minimus are separated by:

A

The deep branches of the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle

28
Q

OINA for tensor fascia lata

A

OR: ASIS, Iliac crest

INS: Ilitibial tract (attached to lateral condyle of the tibia)

NS: Superior gluteal nerve

AC: Chief action is flexion of the thigh (with iliopsoas and rectus femoris )
Also stabilized the extended knee

29
Q

OINA for piriformis

A

OR: Ant sacrum (S1-S4)

INS: Sup border of greater trochanter

NS: Nerve to piriformis (ant rami of S2 & S2)

AC: Laterally rotate thigh
Abduct thigh

30
Q

Landmark of the gluteal region

A

Piriformis

31
Q

Where do superior gluteal vessels and nerves emerge

A

Superior to the piriformis

32
Q

Where do the inf gluteal vessels and nerves emerge

A

Inf to the piriformis

33
Q

Sciatic nerve emerges where?

A

Inf to the piriformis

Occasionally it will go through the piriformis

34
Q

Triceps Coxae includes (3)

A

Superior gemellus

Obturator internus

Inferior gemellus

35
Q

Triceps coxae form:

A

A tricipital muscle located between the piriformis and quadratus femoris

36
Q

Common tendon of the triceps runs:

A

Horizontally to the greater trochanter of the femur

37
Q

OINA for sup and inf gemellus

A

OR: Sup- Ischial spine
Inf- Ischial tuberosity

INS: greater trochanter (common tendon)

NS: Sup- nerve to obturator internus
Inf- nerve to quadratus femoris

AC: Laterally rotates extended thigh
Abduct the flexed thigh
Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum

38
Q

OINA for obturator internus

A 
OR: Pelvis surface of the obturator membrane
Obturator foramen (bony ring)

INS: Greater trochanter

NS: nerve to obturator internus

AC: Lateral rotates extended thigh
Abduct flexed thigh
Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum

39
Q

Obturator internus exists the pelvis through the:

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

40
Q

OINA for quadratus femoris

A

OR: Ischial tuberosity

INS: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest

NS: Nerve to quadratus femoris

AC: Laterally rotates thigh
Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum

41
Q

Smallest muscle block and strongest lateral rotator of the thigh

A

Quadratus femoris

42
Q

Piriformis syndrome caused by:

A

An entrapment of the sciatic nerve as it exits the greater sciatic notch in the gluteal region

43
Q

2 normal variations for exit of the sciatic nerve

A

1- sciatic nerve emerges inf to the piriformis muscle and sup to the gemellus muscle

2- sciatic nerve pierces the piriformis itself (in about 1-10% of humans)

44
Q

Piriformis syndrom when entrapped in the first variation for exit of the sciatic nerve

A

Entrapment is likely due to a myospasm or contracture (tightening and shortening respectively) of either of the 2 muscles

45
Q

Second sciatic nerve pathway- piriformis syndrome

A

Myospasm and/or contraction of the piriformis muscle itself can lead to pain along the back of the thigh to the knee
Loss of sensation
Numbness and tingling in sole of the foot

This mimics sciatica

46
Q

Difference between sciatica and piriformis syndrome

A

The cause

Sciatica is due to a lumbar disc pressing on a nerve root as it exits the IVF in the lumbar spine

47
Q

Piriformis syndrome and sciatica both complain about:

A

Pain, numbness, and tingling below the knee and into the foot

48
Q

Piriformis syndrome symptoms

A

Deep aching in buttock and thigh, usually not beyond the knee

Affected led often externally rotates (toes point out) when relaxed

Often causes low back pain
Can be reproduces by a deep palpating of the sciatic nerve as it exits below the piriformis

49
Q

Piriformis pain often aggravated by

A

Siting, squatting, or walking

50
Q

Right leg often affected by piriformis syndrome after

A

Driving a long distance if the foot has been in external rotation while depressing the gas pedal

51
Q

Prirformis syndrom femal to male ratio

A

6:1

Extremities (2) (28 decks)

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