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Extremities (2) > Unit 2- Antebrachial Flexors > Flashcards

Unit 2- Antebrachial Flexors Flashcards

1
Q

Role of the forearm

A

To assist the shoulder in application of force
Controlling placements of the hand in space
Allows free manipulation of the hand.

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2
Q

The bulk of the forearm musculature is located:

A

Proximal with long tendonous insertions on the distal bony structures

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3
Q

From a functional perspective, the forearm includes the:

A

Distal humerus

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4
Q

The structures of the forearm are divided into:

A

An anterior and posterior compartment

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5
Q

Flexors and pronators of the forearm are located:

A

In the anterior compartment

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6
Q

The muscles in the anterior compartment are innervated by:

A

Median nerve

Except for 1 1/2 are supplied by ulnar nerve

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7
Q

The brachioradialis is a(n) _______ (EXTENSOR/FLEXOR) located in the _________ compartment.

A

Flexor

Posterior

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8
Q

The brachioradialis is innervated by:

A

Radial nerve

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9
Q

What types of muscles are located in the posterior compartment?

A

Extensor and supinator

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10
Q

Muscles in the posterior compartment are innervated by the

A

Radial nerve

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11
Q

Function of fascia layers in the musculature of the forearm

A

Divides the forearm into functional units

Forms structures that assist in muscular function

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12
Q

Antebrachial fascia (3)

A

Palmar aponeurosis
Palmar carpal ligament
Flexor retinaculum (aka- transverse carpal ligament)

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13
Q

Where do the tendons of most flexors pass across?

A

The anterior surface of the wrist

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14
Q

The tendons of most flexors are held in place by:

A

The palmar carpal ligament and the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)

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15
Q

Groups of the flexors

A

Superficial layer
Intermediate layer
Deep group

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16
Q

Flexor muscles in the superficial layer (5)

A 
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Brachioradialis
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17
Q

All flexor muscles in the superficial layer are attached:

A

Proximally by the common flexor tendon to the medial epicondyle (common flexor origin)

18
Q

Flexor muscle in the intermediate layer

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

19
Q

Flexor muscles in the deep group

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor polices longus
Pronator quadratics

20
Q

What flexor groups cross the elbow joint?

A

Superficial and intermediate groups

21
Q

OINA Pronator teres

A

OR: Humeral Head- from medial supracondylat ridge common flexor tendon
Ulnar head- from the medial side of the coronoid process

INS: Midway on lateral surface of radius

NS: Medial nerve

AC: Rotates the radius on the ulna
Helps flex the forearm
Used for quick powerful pronation

22
Q

OINA of Flexor carpi radialis

A

OR: medial epicondyle of humerus

INS: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones

NS: Median

AC: Flexes hand at the wrist
Abducts wrist

23
Q

OINA for Palmaris Longus

A

OR: Medial epicondyle of humerus

INS: Anterior aspect of the distal flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

NS: Median

AC: Flexes hand at the wrist
Tightens aponeurosis

24
Q

Muscle absent in 10% of people

A

Palmaris longus

25
Q

OINA for Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

OR: Humeral head- From the medial epicondyle
Ulnar head- from the medial margin of the olecranon and posterior border of ulna

INS: Into the pisiform bone with and extension to the hook of hamate and 5th metacarpal base

NS: Ulnar

AC: Flexes wrist
Adducts wrist

26
Q

In the forearm, the Ulnar nerve runs:

A

Between 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris and moves dismally

27
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome area of pain and numbness

A

Medial 2 fingers

28
Q

OINA Brachioradialis

A

OR: Proximal 2/3rds of the lateral supracondylar ridge

INS: Styloid Process of radius

NS: Radial nerve

AC: Flexes forearm

29
Q

Why is the brachioradialis an exception to the forearm muscle’s superficial layer rules?

A

It is technically located in the posterior compartment

It is innervated by the radial nerve

Is the a flexor of the forearm

30
Q

OINA for Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

OR: Humeral head- Medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, coranoid process of the ulna
Radial head- Superior half of anterior radius

INS: Middle phalanx of digits 25

NS: Medial nerve

AC: Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)
Contributes to flexion of all joints it crosses
-flexes MP
-Flexes wrist

31
Q

Where does each tendon split?

A

At the base of the proximal phalanges

32
Q

Why do the tendons split at the base of the proximal phalanges?

A

To allow the profunda tendon to pass through to the distal phalanx. These share a common synovial sheath

33
Q

OINA for flexor digitorum profundus

A

OR: Proximal 3/4 of medial ulna
Interosseous membrane

INS: Distal phalanx of digits 2-5

NS: Medial 1/2- Ulnar nerve
Lateral 1/2- median nerve

AC: Flexes distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)
Contributes to flexion of all joints it crosses
Flexes PIP
Flexes MP
Flexes wrist

34
Q

OINA for flexor pollicis longus

A

OR: Anterior aspect of radius
Interosseous membrane

INS: Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

NS: Median nerve (AIN)

AC: Flexes IP Joint
Flexes MP joint
Flexes wrist

35
Q

OINA for pronator quatratus

A

OR: Distal 1/4 of medial anterior surface of ulna

INS: Distal 1/4 of lateral anterior surface of radius

NS: Median nerve (AIN)

AC: Pronator the hand
Assisted by pronator teres when power and speed are needed

36
Q

Long flexors of the digits that also flex the metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor digitorum profundus

(FDS and FDP)

37
Q

_____ slowly flexes fingers, while ______ is recruited when speed and flexion against resistance are needed.

A

FDP

FDS

38
Q

FDS flexes:

A

Middle phalanges

39
Q

FDP flexes:

A

Distal phalanges

40
Q

Prime pronator assisted by the pronator teres

Also plays a role in holding the radius and ulna together.

A

Pronator quadratus

Extremities (2) (28 decks)

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