Unit 4- Feet Part 1 Flashcards
The foot is located distal to the ____ joint
Talocrural joint
The foot forms a platform for:
Supporting the body and locomotion
Contents of the foot (bones)
7 Tarsals
5 metatarsal
14 phalanges
3 functional parts of the foot
Hindfoot
Midfoot
Forefoot
Bones in the hindfoot
Talus and calcaneus
Bones in the midfoot
Navicular
Cuboid
3 cuneiform bones
Bones in the forefoot
Metatarsals and phalanges
Where is skin thinner on the foot?
The dorsum of the foot, associated with thin connective tissue
What part of the foot is thick with fibrous connective tissue?
Skin on plantar weigh bearing surface (heel, lateral margin, and ball of foot)
Fat is separated by _____ _____.
This creates:
Fibrous septa
An efficient shock absorbing pad, especially over the heel
On the dorsum of the foot, the deep fascia is continuous with:
The inferior extensor retinaculum
Deep fascia of the plantar fascia
Has a thick central portion with thinner medial and lateral parts
What holds the foot together and protects the sole from injury, and helps maintain the transverse and longitudinal arches of the foot?
Plantar fascia
Central thick fascia that arises from the calcaneus and functions like a ligament
Plantar aponeurosis
Distally, the plantar aponeurosis forms __#__ independent bands.
These become continuous with:
5
Fibrous digital sheaths
The plantar aponeurosis crosses the heads of the:
This forms:
Metatarsal
Forms the superficial transverse metatarsal ligament
The medial compartment of the sole is covered by:
In contains:
Medial plantar fascia
abductor hallicus
Flexor hallicus brevis
Tendon of the flexor hallicus longus
Medial plantar nerves and vessels
The central compartment of the sole is deep to the:
It contains:
Plantar aponeurosis
Flexor digitorum brevis Tendon of the flexor digitorum longus Quadratus plantae Lumbricals Adductor hallicus Lateral plantar nerves and vessels
Lateral compartment of the sole is covered by:
It contains:
Thin skin and subcutaneous tissue and plantar fascia
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
The interosseous compartment of the sole is encased in:
It contains:
The plantar and dorsal interossei fascia
Metatarsals
Dorsal and plantar interosseous muscles
Deep plantar and metatarsal vessels
The dorsal compartment of the sole lies between:
it contains:
The dorsal fascia and tarsal and metatarsal bones
Extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
Dorsal neurovascular structures
Arches of the foot
Anterior transverse arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Medial longitudinal arch
Plantar muscles functions as a group to:
Support body weight while maintaining the arches of the floot
T/F: Muscles of the foot are of little importance individually
True
Muscles of the foot are most active when?
In fixing the foot and/or increasing the pressure applies to the ground by various aspects of the sole or the toes in order to maintain balance
Muscles of the foot refine the efforts of _____ muscles producing:
Long
Eversion/inversion and flexion/extension to create a stable platform for the lower extremity
First layer of foor muscles
Abductor hallicus
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
NS and AC for Abductor hallicus
NS: Medial plantar nerve
AC: Abducts and flexes 1st digit
NS and AC for flexor digitorum brevis
NS: Medial plantar nerve
AC: Flexes digits 2-5
NS and AC for abductor digiti minimi
NS: Lateral plantar nerve
AC: Abducts and flexes 5th digit
Layer 2 foot muscles
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals
NA and AC for Quadratus plantae
NS: lateral plantar nerve
AC: Assists FDL in flexing lateral 4 digits
NS and AC for Lumbricals
NS :medial 1: Medial plantar nerve
Lateral 3: Lateral plantar nerve
AC: Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Layer 3 muscles of the foot
Flexor hallicus brevis
Adductor hallicus
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
NS and AC for Flexor hallicus brevis
NS: Medial plantar nerve
AC: Flexes proximal 1st phalanx
NA and AC for adductor hallicus
NS: Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
AC: Adduct 1st digit, assists in transverse arch of the foot
NS and AC for flexor digiti minimi brevis
NS: Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve
AC: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Layer 4 of the foot muscles
Plantar interossei (3)
Dorsal interossei (4)
NS and AC for plantar interossei
NS: Lateral plantar nerve
AC: Adducts 2-4 digits and flexes MTP joints
NS and AC for dorsal interossei
NS; lateral plantar nerve
AC: abduct digits 2-4 and flex MTP joints
Insertion of the interossei muscles into the dorsal expansion hoods allow them to:
Flex the MTP joints and extend the IP joints
The long axis of the 2nd digit serves as:
The midline in the foot
Dorsum muscles of the foot
Extensor digitorum
Extensor hallicus brevis
NS and AC for extensor digitorum brevis
NS: Deep fibular nerve
AC: AIDS extensor digitorum longus in extending medial 4 toes at MTP and IP joints
NS and AC for extensor hallicus brevis
NS: deep fibular nerve
AC: AIDS. EHL in extending the 1st toe at MTP joint
Neurovascular planes
Superficial and deep
Location of superficial layer
Between the 1st and 2nd layers
Location of the deep plane
Between the 3rd and 4th layers
The tibial nerve divides:
Posterior to the medial malleolus into the medial and lateral plantar nerves
Plantar nerves supply:
The intrinsic muscles of the plantar aspect of the foot
