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Extremities (2) > Unit 4- Hip > Flashcards

Unit 4- Hip Flashcards

1
Q

The connection between the lower extremity and pelvic girdle

A

hip joint

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2
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

socket synovial joint

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3
Q

The femoral head is approximately 2/3rd of a ____, expect for the:

A

sphere

fit of the fovea

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4
Q

The femoral head is covered with what?

A

articular cartilage

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5
Q

the articular cartilage over the femoral head is thicker where?

A

over the weight bearing areas

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6
Q

Location of the ligament of the head of femur:

A

in the fovea

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7
Q

The hollow cup for the femoral head located on the lateral aspect of the hip

A

Acetabulum

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8
Q

Fibrocartilagenous lip with an inferior defect in the rim segment (acetabular notch)

A

acetabular rim

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9
Q

What part of the acetabulum is the weight bearing surface covered by articular cartilage?

A

lunate surface

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10
Q

A lip of fibrocaratilage that increases the depth of the acetabulum-

A

acetabular labrum

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11
Q

the acetabular labrum allows what?

A

the acetabulum to “grip” the femoral head beyond the equator

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12
Q

What ligament brisges the acetabular notch?

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

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13
Q

The acetabular fossa is the ____ part of the acetabulum formed by the ____

A

non-articular

ischium

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14
Q

When are the articular surface of the acetabulum and femoral head most congruent?

A

when the hip is flexed at 90 degrees, abducted 5 degrees, and laterally rotated. (this is the quadruped position)

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15
Q

What forms the joint capsule?

A

A stong and loose external fibrous layer and an internal synovial membrane

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16
Q

The external fibrous layer of the joint capsule attaches proximally on the:

A

hip bone (all 3 parts) to the rim of the acetabulum and transverse acetabular ligament

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17
Q

The external fibrous layer of the joint capsule attaches distally to the femoral neck only anteriorly at the ____ ____ and the root of the ____ ____

Posteriorly the fibrous layer has an _____ border that crosses the _____ proximal to the ___ ______

A

intertrochanteric line

greater trochanter

arched

neck

intertrochanteric crest (it is not attached to the neck)

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18
Q

The external fibrous layer of the joint capsule attaches posteriorly:

A

The synovial membrane extends beyond the free post margin of the joint capsul on the femoral neck.

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19
Q

Posteriorly, The external fibrous layer of the joint capsule forms what?

A

a bursa for the obturator externus

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20
Q

Fibers of the fibrous layer of the joint capsule take a ____ course from the __ ___ to the _____ ___

A

spiral

hip bone

intertrochanteric line

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21
Q

Deep fibers present on the posterior capsule wind circularly around the femoral neck

A

orbicular zone

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22
Q

Thickened parts of the fibrous layer of the joint capsule form ______ which pass:

A

ligaments

a spiral fashion from the pelvis to the femur

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23
Q

What does extension cause in the joint capsule???

A

Tightens the spiral ligaments and fibers
Constricts the capsule
And pulls the femoal head into the acetabulum

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24
Q

The joint capsule limits:

A

extension to approx 10-20 degrees beyond vertical.

flexion unwinds the ligaments and allows increasing hip mobility

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25
Q

Y-shaped ligament attaching from the AIIS and rim anteriorly, and intertrochanteric line distally.

Prevents hyperextention of the hip while standing

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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26
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body?

A

iliofemoral ligament

27
Q

The iliofemoral ligament reinforces the joint ____ and ____ly

A

anteriorly and superiorly

28
Q

Ligament to reinforce the hip joint anteriorly and inferiorly

A

pubofemoral ligament

29
Q

the pubofemoral ligament arises from the ___ _____ of the pubic bone and passes ____ and ____ to merge with:

A

obturator crest

laterally and inferiorly

the fibrous layer of the joint capsule

30
Q

What does the pubofemoral ligament blend with?

A

the medial part of the iliofemoral ligament

31
Q

When does the pubofemoral ligament tighten?

What does it prevent?

A

during extension and abduction of the hip

hyperabduction of the hip joint

32
Q

The ischiofemoral ligament is a (WEAK/STRONG) ligament that reinforces the hip joint ____.

A

Weak

posteriorly

33
Q

The ischiofemoral ligament arises from the ____ part of the ___ ___ and spirals ______ to the ___ of the femur, medial to the ____ of the ____ ____.

A

ischial

acetabular rim

superiolaterally

neck

base

greater trochanter

34
Q

What function to pull the femoral head into the acetabulum?

A

medial and lateral rotators of the thigh

35
Q

Medial rotators (located _____) are (STRONGER/WEAKER) and have (POOR/STRONG) mechanical advantage, but associated ligaments are (STRONGER/WEAKER)

A

anteriorly

weaker

poor

stronger

36
Q

Lateral rotators (located _____) are (STONGER/WEAKER) with (LESS/MORE) mechanical advantage but associated ligaments are (STRONGER/WEAKER)

A

posteriorly

stronger

more

weaker

37
Q

What does the synovial membrane of the hip line?

A

The fibrous joint capsule and intercapsular bony surfaces not lined by articular cartilage

38
Q

The synovial membrane of the hip reflects ____ along the ___ ___.

A

proximally

femoral neck

39
Q

Synovial folds, AKA

A

retincaula

40
Q

Synovial folds of the hip reflect ______ along the femoral neck as ____ ___.

A

superiorly

longitudinal bands

41
Q

synovial folds of the hip contain _____ ____ arteries. What do these supply?

A

subsynovial retinacular arteries (consist of medial and a few lateral circumflex artery branches)

supply the femoral head and neck

42
Q

The ligament of the head of the femur is a (STRONG/WEAK) ligament.
What forms this?

A

Weak

Formed by a synovial fold conducting a vessel to the head of the femur (the artery is important developmentally but is unable to adequately supply the mature head)

43
Q

What does the wide end of the ligament of the head of femur attach to?

What about the narrow end?

A

Wide end- acetabular margins and transverse acetabular ligament

Narrow end- to the fovea for the ligament of the femoral head

44
Q

What fills in the acetabular fossa not filled by the ligament of the head?
What does this do?

A

A fat pad

changes shape to accomodate head movements.

45
Q

What covers the fat pad and ligament of the head?

A

synovial membrane

46
Q

What forms a bursa for the obturator externus muscle?

A

the synovil membrane protruding beyond the free margin of the joint capsule on the posterior aspect of the femoral neck

47
Q

Knee flexion releases the _____ muscles, allowing ___ ____ until:

A

hamstring

thigh flexion

thigh flexion until it reaches the anterior abdominal wall

48
Q

hip extension is limited by what ligament?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

49
Q

Which is freer than the other in the hip? Adduction or abduction?

A

Abduction

it can reach approc 60 degrees with the thigh extended and increases when the thigh is flexed

50
Q

which hip rotation is more powerful?

A

lateral rotation

51
Q

What muscle is the strongest hip flexor?

A

iliopsoas muscle

52
Q

what muscles work hip adduction and flexion?

A

Adductor magnus (adductor portion), brevis and longus, pectineus and gracilis

53
Q

what muscle works hip adduction and extension?

A

hamstring part of the adductor magnus

54
Q

what muscles work hip abduction and medial rotation?

A

anterior portion of the gluteus medius and minimus

55
Q

What is the primary extensor of the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus- particularly when extending the thigh from a flexed position.

After the leg is straight, the hamstrings become primary extensors

56
Q

blood supply to femoral neck

A

medial and lateral circumflx arteries

57
Q

Where do the medial and lateral circumflex arteries arise?

A

usually from the profunda femoris

may arise from the femoral artery

58
Q

which artery is usually the major supply to the femoral neck? what is its pathway?

A

medial circumflex

passes beneath the unattached post border of the joint capsule to supply the head and neck via retinacular arteries

59
Q

the artery to teh femoral head is a branch of the _____ artery and travels where?

A

obturator

to the head in the ligament of the head (this is the one that does not supply the mature head and neck)

60
Q

Hip flexors are innervated by the ____ nerve and pass:

A

femoral

anteriorly to the hip joint and supply the anterior aspect of the hip joint

61
Q

The ____ nerve sends branches to the ____ aspect.

what nerve supplies the post aspect of the hip

A

obturator

inferior

nerve to the quadratus femoris

62
Q

what nerve supplies the hip abductors? pathway?

A

superior gluteal nerve

pass superiorly to the joint

63
Q

What nerve also provides direct innervation to the femoral neck?

A

sciatic

64
Q

Look at slides 22-27 regarding hip injuries if he says he will ask hip injury questions

A

peace

Extremities (2) (28 decks)

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