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Herzing College - MLA > Unit 4 Part 2 - Microbiology > Flashcards

Unit 4 Part 2 - Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

single colony isolation was developed by ___ on a spoiling slice of boiled potato

A

robert koch

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2
Q

bacteria that maintains its color after treatment with acid solutions

A

acid-fast bacilli (AFB)

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3
Q

special acid-base stain used to identify AFB

A

AFB stain
Ziehl-Neelson stain

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4
Q

a spray of fine particles in the air

A

aerosol

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5
Q

extract of seaweed used to grow bacteria

A

agar

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6
Q

a sterile petri dish in which agar is solidified

A

agar plate

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7
Q

a tube in which agar is allowed to solidify at an angle

A

agar slant

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8
Q

an organism that grows without O2

A

anaerobe

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9
Q

a routine used to prevent contamination and to maintain sterility

A

aseptic technique

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10
Q

rod-shaped bacteria

A

bacillus

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11
Q

one-celled microorganisms

A

bacteria

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12
Q

study of bacteria

A

bacteriology

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13
Q

tiny bacteria that are intracellular parasites, responsible for causing STD/STI

A

chlamydia

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14
Q

sperical-shapred bacteria

A

coccus

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15
Q

mass of bacteria growing on a media

A

colony

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16
Q

the act of growing bacteria on a media

A

culture

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17
Q

the act of growing a microorganism and testing to determine which antibiotic is effective

A

culture and sensitivity (C&S)

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18
Q

bacteria that stains pink/red with gram’s stain

A

gram negative

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19
Q

bacteria that stains blue/purple with a grams stain

A

gram positive

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20
Q

crystal violet, iodine, alcohol-acetone & safranin

used to differentiate between gram + and gram - bacteria

A

Gram’s stain

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21
Q

most common gram + are

A

cocci

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22
Q

most common gram - are

A

bacilli

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23
Q

introduction of microorganism to media

A

inoculation

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24
Q

a wire with a loop at one end and a handle on the other, heated and used to inoculate or transfer bacteria

A

inoculation loop

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25
Q

a smaller loop calibrated to 1 microliter used to plant urines

loop must be placed in vertical position in urine than inoculated onto media

A

calibrated loop

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26
Q

the study of living microorganisms that can cause infection and/or disease in humans

A

medical microbiology

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27
Q

a soli or liquid substance containing nutrients on which to grow bacteria

A

media

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28
Q

substance that can cause dye to stick to an object (ex. iodine)

A

mordant

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29
Q

the study of fungi (mushrooms, lichens)

A

mycology

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30
Q

bacteria normally found in the body

ex. staph on skin, e.coli in colon

A

normal flora

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31
Q

an organism that lives off another living creature

ex. tape worm

A

parasite

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32
Q

the study of parasites

A

parasitology

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33
Q

disease-causing microorganisms

A

pathogens

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34
Q

flat plastic plate with a cover used to hold media

A

petri dish

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35
Q

the presence of microorganisms in the blood

A

septicemia

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36
Q

spiral-shaped organisms

A

spirilla

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37
Q

mucous secretions from the lungs

A

sputum

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38
Q

used to transport microorganisms to the lab to e cultured

keeps microorganisms alive so they can be cultured

A

transport media

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39
Q

the study of viruses

A

virology

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40
Q

the section of the lab that identifies organisms which cause illness

A

microbiology dept

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41
Q

infection spread in a health care facility

also called healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A

nosocomial infection

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42
Q

candida albicans, molds are examples of

A

fungi

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43
Q

worms, malaria, amoebas, trichomonas vaginitis are examples of

A

parasites

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44
Q

tiny bacteria that resemble both bacteria and viruses (have ability to change shape) and cannot survive outside cell of a host

ex. typhus, rocky mountain spotted fever

A

rickettsiae

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45
Q

smaller than bacteria, very difficult to grow and treat

A

viruses

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46
Q

robust and metabolically dormant structures produced by a process of sporulation to prevail over harsh and unfavorable climatic conditions of starvation and stress

formed by microorganisms

A

spores

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47
Q

___ spores can survive drought, extreme temperatures and low pH

A

bacterial

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48
Q

once favorable conditions return, protective proteins dissolve the ___ coating and vegetative cell functions resume

A

spore

49
Q

___ media is used to examine shape, size, and color

A

solid

50
Q

___ media is used to examine for production of gas, odor, or change in pH

A

liquid

51
Q

categories of media

A

supportive/basal
enrichment
selective
differential

52
Q

media that supplies minimum requirements for growth, usually clear

ex. Mueller Hinton (MH)

A

supportive/basal

53
Q

media that inhibits growth of normal flora and enhances growth of pathogens

ex. Chocolate agar (CA) and Blood agar (BA)

A

enrichment media

54
Q

media that inhibits growth of some organisms while enhancing growth of others

used for sputum and stool cultures

ex. Salmonella - Shigella (SS)
Mannitol salt agar - for staph aureus
Lim broth - vaginal/anorectal swabs for Group B strep
MacConkey’s

A

selective media

55
Q

media that has indicators that some bacteria will use (pink) and others won’t (colorless)

ex. MacConkey’s

A

differential

56
Q

3 most common media used in mbio lab

A

BA
MAC
CA

57
Q

order of inoculation

A

Supportive
Enrichment
Differential
Selective

58
Q

large colony with little if any hemolysis

A

staphylococcus

59
Q

small colony with large amount of hemolysis

A

streptococcus

60
Q

types of hemolysis

A

beta - complete
alpha - incomplete
gamma - no hemolysis

61
Q

three-phase streaking pattern

A

T-streak

62
Q

indicator used for anaerobic organisms

A

methylene blue

63
Q

when using anaerobic jar, blue color indicates

A

aerobes

64
Q

when using anaerobic jar, white color indicates

A

anaerobes

65
Q

requires 21% oxygen

A

aerobic bacteria

66
Q

grow in the absence of oxygen

A

anaerobic

67
Q

can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen

A

facultative anaerobes

68
Q

must have 5% oxygen

ex. Campylobacter

A

microaerophilic

69
Q

grows in the presence of 5-10% CO2

ex. Neisseria gonorrhea

A

capnophilic

70
Q

___ of bacteria is H2O

A

80%

71
Q

___ humidity is required in the incubator

A

70%

72
Q

most bacteria that affect humans require an isotonic environment (__ saline)

pH 7.2-7.6
temp 35-37°C

A

0.9%

73
Q

4 stages of bacterial growth

A
  1. lag
  2. log
  3. stationary
  4. death
74
Q

adjustment period to new medium and environment, prepping for growth (8 hours)

A

lag phase

75
Q

very rapid growth period, number of bacteria doubles in proportion to time (36 hours)

A

log phase

76
Q

nutrients are used up, balance between cell growth and cell death (few hours)

A

stationary phase

77
Q

bacteria stop multiplying

A

death phase

78
Q

culture plates are incubated for ___ before colonies appear

A

18-24 hours

79
Q

most plates are incubated no longer than ___

A

48 hours

80
Q

throat swabs are planted on __ and look for ___

A

BA

group A strep

81
Q

urine is planted on __ using ___

looking for E. coli, staphylococcus saprophyticus and other UTI causing organisms from Enterobacteriaceae family

A

BA, MAC

calibrated loop

82
Q

vaginal swabs (pregnancy) are planted on ___ and looking for ___

A

LIM broth, then after 24 hours incubation plate to BA

group B strep

83
Q

ear swabs are planted on ___ and looking for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomionas aeruginosa

A

CA, BA, MAC

84
Q

eye swabs are planted on ___ and looking for Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia

usually done for ___

A

CA then BA

conjunctivitis or pink eye

85
Q

urethral swabs are planted on ___ and looking for ___

A

thayer martin plate (TM)

Neisseria gonorrrhoeae

86
Q

another swab that is used to look for GC

A

cervix swabs, sometimes throat

87
Q

why are vaginal swabs not acceptable for GC

A

normal flora in vagina has other Neisseria organisms

88
Q

sputum specimens are planted on ___ and looking for Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella species

A

CA, BA, MAC

89
Q

gram stain for sputum has to show a lot of __ (>25/LPF) to be accepted

A

pus cells

90
Q

gram stain for sputum showing a lot of __ cells will be rejected

A

epithelial

91
Q

___ cultures are not acceptable in most respiratory specimens

A

anaerobic

92
Q

CSF is planted on ___ and looks for ___

A

BA, CA

Neisseria meningitidis

93
Q

wound swabs are planted on ___

A

CA, BA, MAC, anaerobic media when necessary

94
Q

stool is planted on

A

BA/MAC

then pick one of: HE, XLD, SS Agar

then plate on:
Campylobacter BA
MAC sorbital agar
CIN (cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin)

95
Q

famous 5 species in stool

A

salmonella
shigella
campylobacter
E.coli
Yersinia

96
Q

media used for vibrio species

A

TCBS (thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose)

97
Q

campylobacter must be inoculated on ___ and in a microaerophilic jar (5% O2)

A

skirrow’s media

98
Q

patients weighing more than ___ or approximately ___ years of age must have 40 mL of blood drawn from two different venipunctures within 1 hour

A

27 kg, over 9 years of age

99
Q

venipunctures must be washed ___ for a minimum of 15 seconds with ___

A

twice, chlorhexidine-gluconate alcohol

100
Q

types of mbio stains

A

grams stain
acid-fast stain (Zeihl-Neelson stain)
trichrome
india ink stain

101
Q

stain used for AFB like TB or leprosy

A

AFB stain, Ziehl-Neelson stain

102
Q

stain that identifies intestinal protozoa

A

trichrome

103
Q

stain that identifies yeast that infects CSF

A

india ink stain

104
Q

gram stain procedure

A

dye - crystal violet
mordant - iodine
wash - distilled H2O
decolorizer - ethyl alcohol-acetone mix
rinse - distilled H2O
counter stain - safranin
rinse - distilled H2O

105
Q

gram pos cocci

A

strep throat

106
Q

gram neg cocci

A

gonorrhea

107
Q

gram pos rods

A

diptheria

108
Q

gram neg rods

A

salmonella

109
Q

H. pylori is planted on

A

skirrows and CA

110
Q

used to clinically counteract infections

A

antimicrobials/antibiotics

111
Q

2 types of antibiotics

A

broad
narrow

112
Q

antibiotics active against a wide range of pathogenic organisms

ex. tetracycline, gentamicin

used to combat gram +, gram - and chlamydia

used when source of infection unknown

A

broad

113
Q

antibiotics active against one major group of pathogenic organisms

ex. penicillin (used for gram + infections) and vancomycin

A

narrow

114
Q

for C&S, patients cannot use laxative, enemas, or antibiotics for __ prior to collection of specimen

A

1 week

115
Q

disk diffusion method is measured using

A

diameter

116
Q

exceptions to being stored in fridge

A

CSF and gonorrhea

117
Q

transport media for GC

A

aimes charcoal transport media

118
Q

transport media for O&P

A

SAF (sodium acetate fixative)

119
Q

transport media for stool and rectal swabs

A

cary blair transport media

Herzing College - MLA (14 decks)

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